Polymeric phenylpropanoid derivatives crosslinked by hydroxyl fatty acids form the core structure of rape sporopollenin.

Sporopollenin, a critical innovation in the evolution of terrestrial plants, is the core building brick for the outer wall of land-plant spores and pollen. Despite its significance, the basic structure of sporopollenin remains elusive due to its extreme chemical inertness. In this study, we used ethanolamine to completely dissolve rape sporopollenin and successfully identified a total of 22 components, including fatty acids, p-coumaric acid, sterols and polymeric phenylpropanoid derivatives.

Discovery of Tetrahydro Tanshinone I as a Naturally Occurring Covalent -Inhibitor Against Gut Microbial Bile Salt Hydrolases.

Gut microbial bile salt hydrolases (gmBSHs), an important class of bacteria-produced cysteine hydrolases, play a crucial role in bile acid metabolism. Modulating the total gmBSH activity is a feasible way for ameliorating some metabolic diseases including colorectal cancer, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. This study reported the discovery and characterization of a botanical compound as a covalent -inhibitor of gmBSHs.

Targeting 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1A in the Portal Vein to Decrease Portal Hypertension.

Background & Aims: Portal hypertension (PH) is one of the most frequent complications of chronic liver disease. The peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level was increased in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of 5-HT receptor 1A (HTR1A) in the portal vein (PV) on PH.

Effects of Natural Products through Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Attenuation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

With ever-increasing intensive studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), significant progresses have been made. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)/unfolded protein reaction (UPR) is associated with the development and progression of IPF, and targeting ERS/UPR may be beneficial in the treatment of IPF. Natural product is a tremendous source of new drug discovery, and accumulating studies have reported that many natural products show potential therapeutic effects for IPF via modulating one or more branches of the ERS signaling pathway.

Ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury by blocking PANoptosis via STING pathway.

Acute lung injury (ALI), a progressive lung disease mostly caused by sepsis, is characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory responses, increased oxidative stress, pulmonary barrier dysfunction, and pulmonary edema. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a natural bile acid with various pharmacological properties and is extensively utilized in clinical settings for the management of hepatobiliary ailments. Nonetheless, the potential protective effects and mechanism of UDCA on sepsis-induced lung injuries remain unknown.

Stepwise changes in flavonoids in spores/pollen contributed to terrestrial adaptation of plants.

Protecting haploid pollen and spores against UV-B light and high temperature, 2 major stresses inherent to the terrestrial environment, is critical for plant reproduction and dispersal. Here, we show flavonoids play an indispensable role in this process. First, we identified the flavanone naringenin, which serves to defend against UV-B damage, in the sporopollenin wall of all vascular plants tested.

Tanreqing injection protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting STING-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by excessive collagen deposition, is a progressive and typically fatal lung disease without effective therapeutic methods. Tanreqing injection (TRQ), a Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, has been widely used to treat inflammatory respiratory diseases clinically.

Aim Of The Study: The present work aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of TRQ against pulmonary fibrosis.

Strategic nanoparticle-mediated plant disease resistance.

Nanotechnology is a promising means for development of sustainable agriculture while the study of nanoparticle-mediated plant disease resistance is still in its primary stage. Nanotechnology has shown great promise in regulating: the content of secondary metabolites, inducing disease resistance genes, delivering hormones, delivering biomolecules (such as: nucleotides, proteins, and activators), and obtaining transgenic plants to resist plant diseases. In this review, we conclude its versatility and applicability in disease management strategies and diagnostics and as molecular tools.

Regulates Cuticle and Trichome Development in Arabidopsis and L.

Artemisinin is an important drug for resistance against malaria. Artemisinin is derived from the glandular trichome of leaves, stems, or buds of the Chinese traditional herb . Increasing the trichome density may enhance the artemisinin content of .

Tanreqing Inhibits LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Through Downregulating STING Signaling Pathway.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common life-threatening lung disease, which is mostly associated with severe inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Tanreqing injection (TRQ), a Chinese patent medicine, is clinically used for respiratory-related diseases. However, the effects and action mechanism of TRQ on ALI are still unclear.

Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis on the Curative Effect of Kunxian Capsules against Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Kunxian capsules (KCs), a Chinese patent medicine, have been clinically proven to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the chemical profile of KC remains to be characterized, and the mechanism underlying the protective effect against RA is yet to be elucidated. Here, a network pharmacology-based approach was adopted, integrated with the chemical profiling of KC by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

[Effective components of Shengxian Decoction and its mechanism of action in treating chronic heart failure based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS integrated with network pharmacology].

This study aimed to elucidate the effective components of Shengxian Decoction and its mechanism of action in treating chronic heart failure. Firstly, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was established to identify the main chemical constituents in the rat serum after intragastric administration with Shengxian Decoction. Secondly, the absorbed components in serum were then used for the network pharmacology analysis to infer the mechanism and effective components.

[Research progress on active components and mechanism of Isatidis Radix for influenza virus].

Isatidis Radix is the dried root of the Isatis indigotica, with pharmacological effects such as heat-clearing and detoxification, cooling blood and pharyngeal relief, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It is often used clinically to prevent and treat influenza and other diseases. In this paper, relevant domestic and foreign literatures in recent years were summarized, and it was found that Isatidis Radix lignans, indole alkaloids, polysaccharides, etc.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of pancreas: a population-based study.

Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of pancreas (SCCP) is an extremely rare pathological subtype of pancreatic cancer of ductal origin. Due to its rarity, most previous studies on SCCP focused on case reports or series and the clinio-pathological characteristics of SCCP patients remain unclear.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of SCCP patients registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1988 to 2016 were performed, and clinical characteristics and prognosis of these patients were also further determined.

Metabolomics Evaluation of Patients With Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Before Dialysis, Maintenance Hemodialysis, and Peritoneal Dialysis.

Objective: Current treatment options for patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease before dialysis (predialysis CKD-5) are determined by individual circumstances, economic factors, and the doctor's advice. This study aimed to explore the plasma metabolic traits of patients with predialysis CKD-5 compared with maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, to learn more about the impact of the dialysis process on the blood environment.

Methods: Our study enrolled 31 predialysis CKD-5 patients, 31 HD patients, and 30 PD patients.

[Molecular genetics of medicinal plants, past achievement, and new era].

Unraveling the genetic basis of medicinal plant metabolism and developmental traits is a long-standing goal for pharmacologists and plant biologists. This paper discusses the definition of molecular genetics of medicinal plants, which is an integrative discipline with medicinal plants as the research object. This discipline focuses on the heredity and variation of medicinal plants, and elucidates the relationship between the key traits of medicinal plants(active compounds, yield, resistance, etc.

Effects of leptin on norepinephrine in acute ischemic stroke.

Stroke is a multifactorial disease and a consequence of morbidities of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and heart diseases. Leptin is a major adipokine that regulates weight balance and energy homeostasis, the level of which has been considered as an indicator of acute ischemic stroke. In the present study, we confirmed the high level of leptin and noradrenaline in stroke patients and mouse models as well as oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) primary cerebral neurons.

Arsenic Trioxide Suppresses Tumor Growth through Antiangiogenesis via Notch Signaling Blockade in Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant type of lung cancer with no effective second-line chemotherapy drugs. Arsenic trioxide (AsO) was reported to exert antiangiogenesis activities against lung cancer and induce poor development of vessel structures, similar to the effect observed following the blockade of Notch signaling. However, there are no direct evidences on the inhibitory effects of AsO on tumor growth and angiogenesis via blockade of Notch signaling in SCLC.

Three new sesquiterpenes from Ainsliaea glabra.

Three new sesquiterpenes: 4-acrylic-6-methyl-α-tetralone (1), ainsliaea acid A (2) and ainsliaea acid B (3), together with 8 known compounds (4-11) were isolated from the whole herb of Ainsliaea glabra and their structures were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESIMS. Compounds 1-6 were tested for the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the 293-NF-κB-luciferase reporter cell line induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and compound 2 was further tested for the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS.

HPPR encodes the hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase required for the biosynthesis of hydrophilic phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Hydrophilic phenolic acids, including rosmarinic acid (RA) and lithospermic acid B (LAB), are its primary medicinal ingredients. However, the biosynthetic pathway of RA and LAB in S.

p.Q511L mutation of HNF1α in hepatocellular carcinoma suppresses the transcriptional activity and the anti-tumor effect of HNF1α.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) is a liver-enriched transcription factor that regulates many aspects of hepatocyte functions. Our previous studies have demonstrated that HNF1α has potent therapeutic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mutations in HNF1α gene are frequently associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) and hepatocellular adenomas.

The effects of Salvia przewalskii total phenolic acid extract on immune complex glomerulonephritis.

Context: Salvia przewalskii Maxim. (Lamiaceae) is a Chinese herbal medicine that has long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: The study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of S.