Corrigendum: NanoSIMS analysis of water content in bridgmanite at the micron scale: an experimental approach to probe water in Earth's deep mantle.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.

NanoSIMS analysis of water content in bridgmanite at the micron scale: An experimental approach to probe water in Earth's deep mantle.

Water, in trace amounts, can greatly alter chemical and physical properties of mantle minerals and exert primary control on Earth's dynamics. Quantifying how water is retained and distributed in Earth's deep interior is essential to our understanding of Earth's origin and evolution. While directly sampling Earth's deep interior remains challenging, the experimental technique using laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) is likely the only method available to synthesize and recover analog specimens throughout Earth's lower mantle conditions.

[Effects of Phosphogypsum and on the Soil Moisture, Salt, and Bacterial Community Structure of Salinized Soil].

The improvement of saline soil is an important issue that cannot be ignored in the farmland soil environment. The change in soil salinity will inevitably affect the soil bacterial community. This experiment was based on moderately saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation Area, conducted by applying phosphogypsum (LSG), interplanting with (JP) and applying phosphogypsum and interplanting with (LSG+JP),and the local unimproved soil of a orchard was used as the control (CK), to explore the effects of different improvement methods on soil moisture, salinity, nutrients, and bacterial community structure diversity during the growth period of .

The formulation of irrigation and nitrogen application strategies under multi-dimensional soil fertility targets based on preference neural network.

With the aim of improving soil fertility, it is of great significance to put forward optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application strategies for improving land productivity and alleviating non-point source pollution effects. To overcome this task, a 6-hidden layer neural network with a preference mechanism, namely Preference Neural network (PNN), has been developed in this study based on the field data from 2018 to 2020. PNN takes soil total nitrogen, organic matter, total salt, pH, irrigation time and target soil depth as input, and irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate (N rate) as output, and the prior preference matrix was used to adjust the learning of weight matrix of each layer.

Effects of straw mulching combined with nitrogen application on soil organic matter content and atrazine digestion.

To explore the response of atrazine (AT) degradation rate, soil organic matter (SOM) distribution and the relationship between them to straw mulching and nitrogen application, field experiments were conducted to study the distribution of SOM content and AT degradation rate under different straw returning modes combined with nitrogen fertilization in 2 years in Hetao Irrigation District. No (N), low (N), medium (N), and high (N) levels of N fertilization were incorporated into the soil combined with the surface coverage straw (Treatment BN, BN, BN, BN, respectively) and the deeply buried straw (Treatment SN, SN, SN, SN, respectively). The traditional cultivation was used as a control treatment (Treatment CK).

[Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Nitrogen of Shallow Groundwater in Hetao Irrigation District].

As an important food production area in the north of China, the Hetao plain is extremely vulnerable to nitrate pollution caused by agricultural production activities and additional factors. Thus, it is of great significance for the environmental protection and rational use of groundwater to detect the current situation of groundwater nitrate pollution, temporal and spatial evolution characteristics, and main influencing factors in the Hetao irrigation district. We selected the Wualte irrigation area as the study area, and the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes in groundwater nitrate concentration and the main influencing factors in this area were explored.

[Effects of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Reduction on the Distribution of Soil Nitrogen and Groundwater Nitrogen Pollution].

To explore the effects of straw mulching and reduced nitrogen fertilization on the temporal and spatial patterns of soil nitrogen, groundwater nitrogen pollution, and summer maize yield, field experiments were carried out in the Hetao irrigation district in 2017 and 2018. The experiment involved the following seven treatments:a control (CK) treatment involving conventional fertilization and traditional tillage, and conventional nitrogen applications reduced by 30% (N1), 20% (N2), and 10% (N3) coupled with either straw surface covering (B) or deep straw burial (S). The results showed that the distribution of soil nitrogen in the CK treatment varied depending on soil depth, with an overall decreasing trend.

Reconstruction of skull and dural defects using anterolateral thigh flaps: A STROBE-compliant article.

It is difficult to repair large skull and dural defects. We observed the therapeutic effects of anterolateral thigh flaps with vascular fascia lata for repairing large skull and dural defects.From December 2008 to June 2019, we repaired large skull and dural defects for 28 cases including 12 cases with scalp malignant tumor and 16 cases requiring removal of titanium mesh which had been once placed due to craniocerebral trauma.

The effects of straw mulching combined with nitrogen applications on the root distributions and nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize.

To provide an appropriate tillage fertilization model for improving N utilization efficiency and increasing production, the field experiments were conducted to study the effects on root distributions and N utilization efficiency of summer maize involving different straw mulching modes combined with N fertilization. No (N0), low (N1), medium (N2), and high (N3) levels of N fertilization were incorporated into soil combined with the surface coverage straw (Treatment B) and the deeply buried straw (Treatment S). The traditional cultivation was used as control treatment.

Repair of knee deep burn wound with descending genicular artery-saphenous artery perforator flaps in elderly patients (a STROBE-compliant article).

It is difficult to repair knee deep burn wounds in elderly patients. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effects of descending genicular artery-saphenous artery perforator flaps on knee deep burn wounds in elderly patients.Between December 2013 and February 2018, we repaired knee third-degree burn wounds using descending genicular artery-saphenous artery perforator flaps of 20 × 12 cm to 23 × 13 cm in 56 elderly patients.

Pre-expanded thoracodorsal artery perforator-based flaps for repair of severe scarring in cervicofacial regions.

Background: Reconstruction of cervicofacial scarring continues to present challenges for surgical treatment. Here we present our clinical experience in repairing cervicofacial scarring using pre-expanded thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps.

Methods: From January 2007 to December 2012, 15 patients were treated for severe cervicofacial scarring.

[Repair of tissue defects with free composite anterolateral femoral fascia lata perforator tissue flaps].

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of repair of complicated tissue defects of several body parts with composite anterolateral femoral fascia lata perforator tissue flaps (fascial flap or fascial skin flap) with the aid of micro-surgery.

Methods: From February 2008 to August 2012, complicated tissue defects in 12 patients were repaired with composite anterolateral femoral fascia lata perforator tissue flaps. Two of the 12 patients suffered from a defect of scalp, skull, and dura mater as a result of resection of a malignant tumor of the scalp; 3 patients showed a defect of skin and tendo calcaneus in the heel and lower leg; 2 patients showed a defect of skin and extensor tendon in the dorsum of hands; the other 5 patients suffered from defects of skin and extensor tendon in the foot and ankle combined with exposure of bone or internal buttress plate.

[Methane emission flux of Zhalong Phragmites australis wetlands in growth season].

Static chamber/gas chromatogram method was adopted to measure the methane emission flux of Zhalong Phragmites australis wetlands with different water levels in a growth season from May to October, 2009, aimed to understand the methane emission pattern in natural freshwater P. australis wetland in frigid region. During the observation period, the average methane emission flux of test wetlands ranged from -21.

[Fabricated expanded thoracodorsal artery perforator flap to repair cervical scar in children].

Objective: To investigate ideal methods to repair cervical cicatricial contracture in children.

Methods: The expanders were implanted subcutaneously around the cervical scar and above the latissimus. After expansion was completed, the cervical cicatricial contracture was released and the wound was covered with local expanded flaps and free expanded prefabricated thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, leaving no injury to thoracodorsal nerves and latissimus.