Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Pregnant Women.

Purpose: Physiological changes during pregnancy can affect antiretroviral drug processes and further influence drug efficacy and safety. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling offers a unique modality to predict PK in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to establish a PBPK modeling of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in pregnant women, to provide a reference for the clinical use of TDF.

Effects of laminarin zwitterionic carboxylate and sulfonate on the intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global chronic disease that keeps increasing. This study was to explore the treatment effectiveness of two functional zwitterionic laminarins, zwitterionic sulfonate (LZS) and zwitterionic carboxylate (LZC), in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced mouse model. FT-IR and NMR techniques were used to characterize the aforementioned functional zwitterion.

[Effective Ingredients of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction Regulated Androgen Biosyntheses by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Porcine Granulose Cells].

Objective: To study the molecular mechanism of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction (YZD) n-butanol extracts (ZDC) and ethyl acetate extracts (YSYZ) in reducing androgen in porcine granulose cells by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

Methods: Porcine granulose cells were isolated and cultured. They were inoculated by MAPK inhibitor PD98059 at different concentrations, and then they were divided into the blank control group (0), 1, 3, 10, and 25 micromol/L groups.