Electrically Copolymerized Polydopamine Melanin/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Applied for Bioactive Multimodal Neural Interfaces with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons.

Multimodal neural interfaces include combined functions of electrical neuromodulation and synchronic monitoring of neurochemical and physiological signals in one device. The remarkable biocompatibility and electrochemical performance of polystyrene sulfonate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS) have made it the most recommended conductive polymer neural electrode material. However, PEDOT:PSS formed by electrochemical deposition, called PEDOT/PSS, often need multiple doping to improve structural instability in moisture, resolve the difficulties of functionalization, and overcome the poor cellular affinity.