Reconsideration of the P-clusters in VFe proteins using the bond-valence method: towards their electron transfer and protonation.

P-clusters have been statistically analysed using the bond-valence sum (BVS) method together with weighting schemes. The crystallographic data come from the VFe proteins deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with high resolutions of better than 1.35 Å.

Iso- and hetero-polyoxovanadium glycolates [VIV6O(glyc)M(OH)] (M = V, Cr, Fe, and Al) encapsulating metal hydroxides.

Polyoxovanadium glycolates (NH)[VO(glyc)V(μ-OH)]·10HO (1-V7) (Hglyc = glycolic acid) and its derivatives added with ammonium sulfates (NH)[VO(glyc)M(μ-OH)][(NH)SO]·HO (M = Cr, = 6, 2-CrV6; M = Fe, = 7, 3-FeV6; M = Al, = 6, 4-AlV6) were obtained through self-assembly and fully characterized. Compounds 1-4 are composed of the same fully reduced cyclic {VIV6O} unit bridged by six glycolate ligands. The framework encapsulated an octahedral metal(III) hydroxide {M(OH)} (M = V, Cr, Fe, and Al) in the center, forming an iso- or hetero-heptanuclear Anderson-type structure.

Analyses of the electronic structures of FeFe-cofactors compared with those of FeMo- and FeV-cofactors and their P-clusters.

The electronic structures of FeFe-cofactors (FeFe-cos) in resting and turnover states, together with their P clusters from iron-only nitrogenases, have been calculated using the bond valence method, and their crystallographic data were reported recently and deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB codes: and ). The calculated results have also been compared with those of their homologous Mo- and V-nitrogenases. For FeFe-cos in the resting state, Fe1/2/4/5/6/7/8 atoms are prone to Fe, while the Fe3 atom shows different degrees of mixed valences.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Hebard, 1920) (Mantodea: Leptomantellidae) and its phylogeny.

The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of (Hebard, 1920) was 15,527 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and one control region. The gene arrangement of mt genome of was identical to the primitive mantis. The overall AT content of the mt genome was 74%.

Statistical analysis of P clusters in Mo/VFe protein crystals using a bond valence method toward their electronic structures.

Nowadays, large numbers of MoFe proteins have been reported and their crystal data obtained by X-ray crystallography and uploaded to the Protein Data Bank (PDB). By big data analysis using a bond valence method, we make conclusions based on 79 selected P in all 119 P-clusters of 53 MoFe proteins and 10 P-clusters of 5 VFe proteins from all deposited crystallographic data of the PDB. In the condition of MoFe protein crystals, the resting state P clusters are proposed to have the formal oxidation state of 2Fe(iii)6Fe(ii), hiding two oxidized electron holes with high electron delocalization.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Smith, 2009) (Anura: Ranidae) and its phylogeny.

(Smith 2009) firstly considered as the member of genus , has been moved into the genus . In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of using the Sanger method. The circular mt genome was 17,873 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer () genes, two ribosome genes, and one control region.

Isolated Mixed-Valence Iron Vanadium Malate and Its Metal Hydrates (M = Fe, Cu, Zn) with Reversible and Irreversible Adsorptions for Oxygen.

Isolated octanuclear iron-vanadium malate (NH)(CHNH)[FeVVO(mal)]·7.5HO (; Hmal = malic acid) and its family of metal hydrates M'[M(HO)][FeVVO(mal)]·HO ( or -Fe, M' = NH, M = Fe, = 7.5; or -Cu, M' = K, M = Cu, = 10; or -Zn, M' = K, M = Zn, = 6.

Bond-valence analyses of the crystal structures of FeMo/V cofactors in FeMo/V proteins.

The bond-valence method has been used for valence calculations of FeMo/V cofactors in FeMo/V proteins using 51 crystallographic data sets of FeMo/V proteins from the Protein Data Bank. The calculations show molybdenum(III) to be present in MoFeSC(Cys)(HHis)[R-(H)homocit] (where Hhomocit is homocitric acid, HCys is cysteine and HHis is histidine) in FeMo cofactors, while vanadium(III) with a more reduced iron complement is obtained for FeV cofactors. Using an error analysis of the calculated valences, it was found that in FeMo cofactors Fe1, Fe6 and Fe7 can be unambiguously assigned as iron(III), while Fe2, Fe3, Fe4 and Fe5 show different degrees of mixed valences for the individual Fe atoms.

Novel bidentate oxovanadium(IV) glycolate, α-hydroxybutyrate and citrate with terpyridine and their conversions to nitrosyl products.

A series of monomeric α-hydroxycarboxylato oxovanadium(IV) complexes [VO(Hcit)(tpy)]·HO (1) (Hcit = citric acid, tpy = 2,2':6',2-terpyridine), [VO(glyc)(tpy)]·5.5HO (2) (Hglyc = glycolic acid) and [VO(α-hbut)(tpy)]·3HO (3) (α-Hhbut = α-hydroxybutyratic acid) have been obtained from the reactions of vanadyl sulfate with α-hydroxycarboxylates and terpyridine in acidic solutions. These complexes feature bidentate citrate, glycolate or α-hydroxybutyrate respectively.

Preliminary Assignment of Protonated and Deprotonated Homocitrates in Extracted FeMo-Cofactors by Comparisons with Molybdenum(IV) Lactates and Oxidovanadium Glycolates.

A similar pair of protonated and deprotonated mononuclear oxidovanadium glycolates [VO(Hglyc)(phen)(HO)]Cl·2HO (1) and [VO(glyc)(bpy)(HO)] (2) and a mixed-(de)protonated oxidovanadium triglycolate (NH)[VO(Hglyc)(glyc)]·HO (3) were isolated and examined. The ≡C-O(H) (≡C-OH or ≡C-O) groups coordinated to vanadium were spectroscopically and structurally identified. The glycolate in 1 features a bidentate chelation through protonated α-hydroxy and α-carboxy groups, whereas the glycolate in 2 coordinates through deprotonated α-alkoxy and α-carboxy groups.

Wheel-Like Icosanuclear Peroxotitanate-A Stable Water-Soluble Catalyst for Oxygen Transfer Reactions.

Water-soluble wheel-like icosanuclear peroxotitanate K[Ti(μ-O)(HO)(O)( R, R-tart)]·52HO (1) chelated by tartrate has been successfully isolated. As the largest peroxotitanate reported, {Ti} features 20 (hydro)peroxo groups with three kinds of coordination modes in μ-η:η, μ-η:η, and η fashions. The cluster is stable in solution and solid states.

A Modified Approach for Axenic Cultivation of Spores of Fern L. with High Germination Rate.

Spores are the primary way of spread and reproduction for ferns, a clade of seed-free vascular plants. However, no detailed protocol for ferns spore cultivation has been reported yet. Here we provide a modified approach for axenic cultivation of fern L.

An Optimized CTAB Method for Genomic DNA Extraction from Freshly-picked Pinnae of Fern, L.

As the sister clade of seed plants, ferns are significant materials for plant phylogeny research. However, the genomic DNA extraction protocol for fern samples like modified CTAB method still lacks robustness. Here, we found that the amount and condition of the pinnae samples are critical for gDNA extraction in fern, L.

Comparison of hydroxycarboxylato imidazole molybdenum(iv) complexes and nitrogenase protein structures: indirect evidence for the protonation of homocitrato FeMo-cofactors.

Glycolato and R,S-lactato imidazole molybdenum(iv) complexes [Mo3SO3(glyc)2(im)5]·im·H2O (1), Na2[Mo3SO3(R,S-lact)3(im)3]·10H2O (2), and [Mo6O10(R,S-lact)2(im)10]·16H2O (3) have been isolated and characterized (H2glyc = glycolic acid, H2lact = lactic acid, im = imidazole). α-Alkoxy coordination with molybdenum [Mo-Oα-alkoxy 1.993(7)av Å] in 1 and 2 showed obvious differences to their counterpart with α-hydroxy coordination [MoIV3S4(PPh3)3(Hlact)2(lact)] [2.