Association between obesity and iron deficiency (Review).

Obesity is a risk factor for several comorbidities and complications, including iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is a serious global public health problem, with a worldwide prevalence. The high prevalence of obesity in combination with iron deficiency incidence observed in different age and sex categories suggests an association between obesity and iron status.

Disruption of the and Genes Attenuates Virulence: Towards the Development of a Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidate.

The majority of deaths due to infections are in developing countries. Although polysaccharide-based pneumococcal vaccines are available, newer types of vaccines are needed to increase vaccine affordability, particularly in developing countries, and to provide broader protection across all pneumococcal serotypes. To attenuate pneumococcal virulence with the aim of engineering candidate live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), we constructed knockouts in D39 of one of the capsular biosynthetic genes, that encodes glycosyltransferase, and the endonuclease gene, , that had been implicated in the uptake of DNA from the environment as well as bacterial escape from neutrophil-mediated killing.