High-resolution hemodynamic estimation from ultrafast ultrasound image velocimetry using a physics-informed neural network.

Estimating the high-resolution (HR) blood flow velocity and pressure fields for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases remains challenging.. In this study, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) with a refined mapping capability was combined with ultrafast ultrasound image velocimetry (u-UIV) to predict HR hemodynamic parameters.

Waste drilling fluid flocculation identification method based on improved YOLOv8n.

Efficient identification of the flocculation state of waste drilling fluid remains a significant challenge. This study proposes an improved You Only Look Once version 8 nano-algorithm (YOLOv8n), specifically optimized for real-time monitoring of drilling fluid flocculation under field conditions. The algorithm employs MobileNetV3 as the backbone network to minimize memory usage, improve detection speed, and reduce computational requirements.

Heterogeneity in Mechanical Properties of Plant Cell Walls.

The acquisition and utilization of cell walls have fundamentally shaped the plant lifestyle. While the walls provide mechanical strength and enable plants to grow and occupy a three-dimensional space, successful sessile life also requires the walls to undergo dynamic modifications to accommodate size and shape changes accurately. Plant cell walls exhibit substantial mechanical heterogeneity due to the diverse polysaccharide composition and different development stages.

Genetic Variation in Targets of Antidiabetic Drugs and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that antidiabetic drug use may be associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, these studies are limited by many confounding and reverse causality biases. We aimed to determine whether antidiabetic drug use has causal effects on ALS.

Effect of regional crosstalk between sympathetic nerves and sensory nerves on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritic pain.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a common disease often accompanied by pain, seriously affecting physical and mental health of patients. Abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction has been considered as a predominant origin of arthralgia, while the specific mechanism mediating pain remains unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanism of TMJ-OA pain, an abnormal joint loading model was used to induce TMJ-OA pain.

Using deep learning to shorten the acquisition time of brain MRI in acute ischemic stroke: Synthetic T2W images generated from b0 images.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the deep learning in generating T2 weighted (T2W) images from diffusion-weighted imaging b0 images.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients who underwent head magnetic resonance imaging between September 1 and September 4, 2023. Each b0 image was matched with a corresponding T2-weighted image.

Key for Hexagonal Diamond Formation: Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Hexagonal diamond (HD) was reported 60 years ago and has attracted extensive attention owing to its ultrahigh theoretical hardness, 58% superior to its cubic counterpart. However, to date, synthesizing pure HD under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) remains unsuccessful due to the limitations of understanding the formation mechanism. In this work, employing a systematic molecular dynamics simulation, we directly observe the graphite-to-HD transition in a nucleation-growth mechanism.

3-year Outcomes of Botulinum Toxin versus Strabismus Surgery for the Treatment of Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia in Children.

Introduction: Botulinum toxin is an alternative to conventional strabismus surgery for treatment for acute, acquired, comitant esotropia (AACE). Previous studies suggest that the two treatment approaches may be equally effective for 6 months. The purpose of our study was to determine whether botulinum toxin remains as effective as strabismus surgery for 36 months after treatment.

High-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae aggravates lung injury by affecting neutrophils and the airway epithelium.

We have previously reported that high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) in the gut can cause endo-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we discover that 91.2% of Kpn isolates from pulmonary disease samples also produce excess ethanol, which may be associated with respiratory disease severity.

Aquatic high iron induces hepatic ferroptosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) via interleukin-22 signaling pathway.

Iron is one of the indispensable trace elements in living organisms. However, excessive iron deposition in organisms is prone to induce dysfunction of the liver and other vital organs. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism how aquatic high iron affects iron transport and induces hepatic injury in zebrafish.

From bugs to brain: unravelling the GABA signalling networks in the brain-gut-microbiome axis.

Convergent data, across species, paint a compelling picture of the critical role of the gut and its resident microbiota in several brain functions and disorders. The chemicals mediating communication along these sophisticated highways of the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis include both microbiota metabolites and classical neurotransmitters. Amongst the latter, GABA is fundamental to brain function where it mediates the majority of neuronal inhibition.

Mycotic aneurysm due to Magnusiomyces capitatus complicating a second liver transplant in a colonized patient.

This report presents an extremely rare case of a fungal mycotic aneurysm due to Magnusiomyces capitatus in a 51-year-old woman who is immunocompromised. The diagnosis was based on multiple computed tomography scans and the identification of the pathogen via sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Long-term treatment with caspofungin for previous candidemia likely promoted the dissemination of this intrinsically echinocandin-resistant fungus from colonization sites in the lungs and rectal area.

A rare perspective: fine-needle aspiration cytologic features of hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease: A case report.

Rationale: Castleman disease, also known as Castleman syndrome, is a rare, nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorder. The localized subtype of this disease is primarily the hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease (HVCD). Although this disease is a benign lesion, the histologic features are similar to those of some malignant lymphomas, so an accurate diagnosis of the disease is required.

Potential role of TWIST1 and its methylation in bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Background: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), like other cancers, is strongly associated with genetic and epigenetic changes. TWIST1 is an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promoter that has been linked to the development of many malignancies. It is still unclear, however, what role TWIST1 plays in BLCA, and the relationship between TWIST1 transcript levels and its promoter methylation and immune infiltration has been reported even less.

Glutamine-αKG axis affects dentin regeneration and regulates osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mesenchymal adult stem cells via IGF2 m6A modification.

Background: Multi-lineage differentiation of mesenchymal adult stem cells (m-ASCs) is crucial for tissue regeneration and accompanied with metabolism reprogramming, among which dental-pulp-derived m-ASCs has obvious advantage of easy accessibility. Stem cell fate determination and differentiation are closely related to metabolism status in cell microenvironment, which could actively interact with epigenetic modification. In recent years, glutamine-α-ketoglutarate (αKG) axis was proved to be related to aging, tumorigenesis, osteogenesis etc.

[Electroacupuncture preconditioning alleviates podocyte injury via PTEN/PI3K pathway in type 2 diabetes rats].

Objectives: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on podocytes and phosphatase and tension homologous protein (PTEN)/phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in rats with type 2 diabetic kidney injury, so as to explore its potential mechanisms.

Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA, inhibitor, and sham EA groups, with 10 rats in each group. Diabetes model was established by high-fat and high-sugar diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg).

NOISe: Nuclei-Aware Osteoclast Instance Segmentation for Mouse-to-Human Domain Transfer.

Osteoclast cell image analysis plays a key role in osteoporosis research, but it typically involves extensive manual image processing and hand annotations by a trained expert. In the last few years, a handful of machine learning approaches for osteoclast image analysis have been developed, but none have addressed the full instance segmentation task required to produce the same output as that of the human expert led process. Furthermore, none of the prior, fully automated algorithms have publicly available code, pretrained models, or annotated datasets, inhibiting reproduction and extension of their work.

Focal liver lesions: multiparametric microvasculature characterization via super-resolution ultrasound imaging.

Background: Noninvasive and functional imaging of the focal liver lesion (FLL) vasculature at microscopic scales is clinically challenging. We investigated the feasibility of using super-resolution ultrasound (SR-US) imaging for visualizing and quantifying the microvasculature of intraparenchymal FLLs.

Methods: Patients with FLLs between June 2022 and February 2023 were prospectively screened.

Effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on major cardiac adverse events and lipoprotein-a in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis.

Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its unique apo(a) component and its association with atherosclerosis and thrombogenesis. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and Lp(a) levels in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically searched in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and other databases.