Design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer for high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy.

We describe the design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer (MBES) for high-energy electron spectroscopy. Our design features a 2 m long electron drift tube and electrostatic retardation lens, achieving sub-electronvolt (eV) electron kinetic energy resolution for high energy (several hundred eV) electrons with a close to 4π collection solid angle. A segmented anode electron detector enables the simultaneous collection of photoelectron spectra in high resolution and high collection efficiency modes.

[Endothermal pupilloplasty : A minimally traumatic technique for centering the pupil in patients with corectopia. Video article].

Objective Of Surgery: The aim of endothermal pupilloplasty (EP) is to optimize centering of the pupil, contour, or size.

Indications: The EP is performed in patients with congenital or acquired corectopia or an irregular pupil shape. In individual cases the technique has also been used to tighten the iris in floppy iris syndrome and to adapt iris tissue edges in patients with sectoral iris defects or iridodialysis.

Homeostasis control in health and disease by the unfolded protein response.

Cells rely on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to fold and assemble newly synthesized transmembrane and secretory proteins - essential for cellular structure-function and for both intracellular and intercellular communication. To ensure the operative fidelity of the ER, eukaryotic cells leverage the unfolded protein response (UPR) - a stress-sensing and signalling network that maintains homeostasis by rebalancing the biosynthetic capacity of the ER according to need. The metazoan UPR can also redirect signalling from cytoprotective adaptation to programmed cell death if homeostasis restoration fails.

Healthy Drinks, Healthy Teeth - Ciunerkaq Tanqigtuq (The Future is Bright): A study protocol for a community-based, non-randomized sociobehavioral trial to reduce added sugar intake in Alaska Native Yup'ik children in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta.

Background: This study protocol describes a community-based intervention that will seek to reduce added sugar intake in Yup'ik Alaska Native children by targeting reductions in sugar-sweetened fruit drinks.

Methods: A two-group non-randomized design will be used to evaluate the intervention in three Yup'ik communities in Alaska focusing on children age 1 to less than age 12 years with a minimum enrollment target of 192 children. Families in the intervention arm will participate in a program consisting of five sessions plus four brief check-ins, all delivered by a Yup'ik Community Health Worker.

Selective bioorthogonal probe for N-glycan hybrid structures.

Metabolic incorporation of chemically tagged monosaccharides is a facile means of tagging cellular glycoproteins and glycolipids. However, since the monosaccharide precursors are often shared by several pathways, selectivity has been difficult to attain. For example, N-linked glycosylation is a chemically complex and ubiquitous posttranslational modification, with three distinct classes of GlcNAc-containing N-glycan structures: oligomannose, hybrid and complex.

Factors influencing the outcomes of trabeculectomy, conventional canaloplasty, and mitomycin C augmented canaloplasty.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy, safety, and factors influencing the outcomes of trabeculectomy (TE), conventional canaloplasty (cCP), and mitomycin C augmented canaloplasty (mCP) in glaucoma patients.

Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of IOP-lowering eye drops, and surgery-related complications were evaluated at baseline and through 18 months postoperatively. Correlations between patients' demographic data, ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic conditions, outcomes and complications were evaluated.

[Glaucoma drainage devices in patients following injector-assisted implantation of an artificial iris into the ciliary sulcus : Video article].

Objective Of Surgery: The aim of this surgical technique is the implantation of a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) in eyes with aphakic glaucoma following injector-assisted implantation of an artificial iris into the ciliary sulcus.

Indications: This atraumatic tube insertion technique can be performed during GDD implantation after implantation of an artificial iris into the ciliary sulcus.

Surgical Technique: Following injector-assisted implantation of an artificial iris into the ciliary sulcus of eyes, the iris can shift into the chamber angle.

Skeletal Muscle, Skin, and Bone as Three Major Nitrate Reservoirs in Mammals: Chemiluminescence and N-Tracer Studies in Yorkshire Pigs.

In mammals, nitric oxide (NO) is generated either by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes from arginine or by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by tissue xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and the microbiome and further reducing nitrite to NO by XOR or several heme proteins. Previously, we reported that skeletal muscle acts as a large nitrate reservoir in mammals, and this nitrate reservoir is systemically, as well as locally, used to generate nitrite and NO. Here, we report identifying two additional nitrate storage organs-bone and skin.

Attosecond delays in X-ray molecular ionization.

The photoelectric effect is not truly instantaneous but exhibits attosecond delays that can reveal complex molecular dynamics. Sub-femtosecond-duration light pulses provide the requisite tools to resolve the dynamics of photoionization. Accordingly, the past decade has produced a large volume of work on photoionization delays following single-photon absorption of an extreme ultraviolet photon.

Intergenerational transmission of sucralose and acesulfame-potassium from mothers to their infants via human milk: a pharmacokinetic study.

Background: Low-calorie sweetener (LCS) consumption is prevalent among lactating mothers, yet infants' exposure to LCS in human milk is not well-characterized.

Objectives: Conduct a pharmacokinetic study of sucralose and acesulfame-potassium (ace-K) in mothers' milk and plasma over 72 h and in infants' plasma.

Methods: Following baseline blood and milk collection, mothers (n = 40) consumed 20 oz of diet cranberry juice containing sucralose and ace-K.

Gut microbial diversity and functional characterization in people with alcohol use disorder: A case-control study.

Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) typically have comorbid chronic health conditions, including anxiety and depression disorders, increased sleep disruption, and poor nutrition status, along with gut microbial dysbiosis. To better understand the effects of gut dysbiosis previously shown in individuals with AUD, gut microbiome and metabolome were investigated between three cohorts. Two groups of individuals with AUD included treatment-seeking newly abstinent for at least six weeks (AB: N = 10) and non-treatment-seeking currently drinking (CD: N = 9) individuals.

Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Porcine Ocular Tissues Determined Using N-Labeled Sodium Nitrate Supplementation.

Nitrate (NO) obtained from the diet is converted to nitrite (NO) and subsequently to nitric oxide (NO) within the body. Previously, we showed that porcine eye components contain substantial amounts of nitrate and nitrite that are similar to those in blood. Notably, cornea and sclera exhibited the capability to reduce nitrate to nitrite.

Early REperfusion therapy with intravenous alteplase for recovery of VISION in acute central retinal artery occlusion (REVISION): Study protocol of a phase III trial.

Rationale: Meta-analyses of case series of non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) indicate beneficial effects of intravenous thrombolysis when initiated early after symptom onset. Randomized data are lacking to address this question.

Aims: The REperfusion therapy with intravenous alteplase for recovery of VISION in acute central retinal artery occlusion (REVISION) investigates intravenous alteplase within 4.

Efficient prediction of attosecond two-colour pulses from an X-ray free-electron laser with machine learning.

X-ray free-electron lasers are sources of coherent, high-intensity X-rays with numerous applications in ultra-fast measurements and dynamic structural imaging. Due to the stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission process and the difficulty in controlling injection of electrons, output pulses exhibit significant noise and limited temporal coherence. Standard measurement techniques used for characterizing two-coloured X-ray pulses are challenging, as they are either invasive or diagnostically expensive.

Effects of graft detachment on the central corneal thickness after uncomplicated Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To determine if early central corneal thickness (CCT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes indicate graft detachment after uncomplicated Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods: In this analysis of our prospectively collected ADDA registry data ( https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00027180 ), 45 pseudophakic eyes underwent DMEK surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University.

Translational modulator ISRIB alleviates synaptic and behavioral phenotypes in Fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), a translational regulator that binds the transcripts of proteins involved in synaptic function and plasticity. Dysregulated protein synthesis is a central effect of FMRP loss, however, direct translational modulation has not been leveraged in the treatment of FXS. Thus, we examined the effect of the translational modulator integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) in treating synaptic and behavioral symptoms of FXS.

The Impact of Aging on the Function of Retinal Ganglion Cells.

Aging is a major risk factor for retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Aged mammalian retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) lack the ability to regenerate axons after injury. Rodent models suggest that older age increases the vulnerability of RGCs to injury and impairs RGC function as well as their functional recovery.

Clinical Landscape of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Germany: Retina.net CSC Registry Report Number 1.

Introduction: The German Registry of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) collects data on CSC patients in a nationwide multicenter approach to analyze epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations, as well as diagnosis and treatment patterns.

Methods: In this multicenter cohort study, patients with CSC were enrolled in nine tertiary referral centers in Germany between January 2022 and June 2023. After consenting to the study, demographic data, risk factors, reported symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), funduscopic findings, disease severity, and diagnostic and treatment decisions were recorded and analyzed.

Clinical, Anatomical, and Densitometric Changes following Dresden vs. Accelerated Corneal Cross-Linking in Progressive Keratoconus.

Background: To compare clinical, anatomical, and densitometric changes following Dresden (DCXL) vs. accelerated (ACXL) corneal UVA cross-linking (CXL; Avedro KXL, Geuder, Heidelberg, Germany) in progressive keratoconus (KC).

Methods And Material: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 20 patients following DCXL (3 mW/cm², 30 min, 5.

Treated Cases of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Germany: 10-Year Data from the Retina.net Retinopathy of Prematurity Registry.

Purpose: To analyze changes in demographic parameters and retreatment patterns over a 10-year period in a clinical routine setting of infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) requiring treatment documented in the German Retina.net ROP registry.

Design: Multicenter, noninterventional, observational registry study recruiting patients treated for ROP.