Ferric iron stabilization at deep magma ocean conditions.

FeO produced in a deep magma ocean in equilibrium with core-destined alloy sets the early redox budget and atmospheric composition of terrestrial planets. Previous experiments (≤28 gigapascals) and first-principles calculations indicate that a deep terrestrial magma ocean produces appreciable Fe but predict Fe/ΣFe ratios that conflict by an order of magnitude. We present Fe/ΣFe of glasses quenched from melts equilibrated with Fe alloy at 38 to 71 gigapascals, 3600 to 4400 kelvin, analyzed by synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Atomic diffraction by nanoholes in hexagonal boron nitride.

Fabricating patterned nanostructures with matter waves can help to realise new nanophotonic devices. However, due to dispersion effects, designing patterns with nanoscale features is challenging. Here, we consider the propagation of a helium matter wave through different holes in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as a case study for the weakest dispersion interaction and the matter wave's diffraction as it passes through the holes.

Four-year Outcomes of Class III and IV Anterior Restorations Based on a Subset of German Health Insurance Data.

Purpose: Numerous studies report on the outcome performance of posterior composite restorations. However, there are fewer studies providing data for anterior restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome performance of anterior permanent restorations by analyzing a large dataset from a German national health insurance company.

Mechanistically Different Mechanochromophores Enable Calibration and Validation of Molecular Forces in Glassy Polymers and Elastomeric Networks.

Sterically distorted donor-acceptor π-systems, termed DA springs, can be progressively planarized under mechanical load causing a bathochromic shift of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. By combining theory and experiment, we here use a simple linear force calibration for two different conformational mechanochromophores to determine molecular forces in polymers from the mechanochromic shift in PL wavelength during multiple uniaxial tensile tests. Two systems are used, i) a highly entangled linear glassy polyphenylene and ii) a covalent elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane network.

Early planetesimal differentiation and late accretion shaped Earth's nitrogen budget.

The relative roles of protoplanetary differentiation versus late accretion in establishing Earth's life-essential volatile element inventory are being hotly debated. To address this issue, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate nitrogen (N) isotope fractionation during Earth's accretion and differentiation. We find that segregation of an iron core would enrich heavy N isotopes in the residual silicate, while evaporation within a H-dominated nebular gas produces an enrichment of light N isotope in the planetesimals.

A broadband pulse amplifier for Joule heating experiments in diamond anvil cells.

Decades of measurements of the thermophysical properties of hot metals show that pulsed Joule heating is an effective method to heat solid and liquid metals that are chemically reactive or difficult to contain. To extend such measurements to hundreds of GPa pressure, pulsed heating methods have recently been integrated with diamond anvil cells. The recent design used a low-side switch and active electrical sensing equipment that was prone to damage and measurement error.

The effect of potassium on aluminous phase stability in the lower mantle.

Unlabelled: The aluminous calcium-ferrite type phase (CF) and new aluminous phase (NAL) are thought to hold the excess alumina produced by the decomposition of garnet in MORB compositions in the lower mantle. The respective stabilities of CF and NAL in the nepheline-spinel binary (NaAlSiO-MgAlO) are well established. However with the addition of further components the phase relations at lower mantle conditions remain unclear.

Proposing candidate genes under telomeric control based on cross-species position data.

In this paper, we present a comprehensive computational framework aimed at suggesting genes whose transcriptional regulation is likely to be influenced by their chromosomal position. This framework provides a user-friendly web interface, enabling researchers to explore the positional properties of all human genes and their orthologs across species, with a focus on their relation to the telomeres. Our approach involves multiple scoring methods, each adjustable by users, representing different features of the genes' positional variation across species.

Hybrid quantum-classical polarizability model for single molecule biosensing.

Optical whispering gallery mode biosensors are able to detect single molecules through effects of their polarizability. We address the factors that affect the polarizability of amino acids, which are the building blocks of life, electronic structure theory. Amino acids are detected in aqueous environments, where their polarizability is different compared to the gasphase due to solvent effects.

Spectroradiometry with sub-microsecond time resolution using multianode photomultiplier tube assemblies.

Accurate and precise measurements of spectroradiometric temperature are crucial for many high pressure experiments that use diamond anvil cells or shock waves. In experiments with sub-millisecond timescales, specialized detectors such as streak cameras or photomultiplier tubes are required to measure temperature. High accuracy and precision are difficult to attain, especially at temperatures below 3000 K.

Discovery of Darovasertib (NVP-LXS196), a Pan-PKC Inhibitor for the Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in the adult eye. Despite the aggressive local management of primary UM, the development of metastases is common with no effective treatment options for metastatic disease. Genetic analysis of UM samples reveals the presence of mutually exclusive activating mutations in the Gq alpha subunits GNAQ and GNA11.

Thrifty Shadow Estimation: Reusing Quantum Circuits and Bounding Tails.

Shadow estimation is a recent protocol that allows estimating exponentially many expectation values of a quantum state from "classical shadows," obtained by applying random quantum circuits and computational basis measurements. In this Letter we study the statistical efficiency of this approach in light of near-term quantum computing. We propose a more practical variant of the protocol, thrifty shadow estimation, in which quantum circuits are reused many times instead of having to be freshly generated for each measurement.

Cocrystallization-driven Formation of fcc-based Ag Nanocluster with Chinese Triple Luban Lock Shape.

Luban locks with mortise and tenon structure have structural diversity and architectural stability, and it is extremely challenging to synthesize Luban lock-like structures at the molecular level. In this work, we report the cocrystallization of two structurally related atom-precise fcc silver nanoclusters Ag (SPhF) (PPh ) (Ag ) and Ag (μ -S)(SPhF) (PPh ) (Ag ). It is worth noting that the Ag cluster is the first compound to simulate the complex Luban lock structure at the molecular level.

Chalcogen isotopes reveal limited volatile contribution from late veneer to Earth.

The origin of Earth's volatile elements is highly debated. Comparing the chalcogen isotope ratios in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) to those of its possible building blocks, chondritic meteorites, allows constraints on the origin of Earth's volatiles; however, these comparisons are complicated by potential isotopic fractionation during protoplanetary differentiation, which largely remains poorly understood. Using first-principles calculations, we find that core-mantle differentiation does not notably fractionate selenium and tellurium isotopes, while equilibrium evaporation from early planetesimals would enrich selenium and tellurium in heavy isotopes in the BSE.

Correlating structure and photophysical properties in thiazolo[5,4-]thiazole crystal derivatives for use in solid-state photonic and fluorescence-based optical devices.

There is a growing demand for new fluorescent small molecule dyes for solid state applications in the photonics and optoelectronics industry. Thiazolo[5,4-]thiazole (TTz) is an organic heterocycle moiety which has previously shown remarkable properties as a conjugated polymer and in solution-based studies. For TTz-based small molecules to be incorporated in solid-state fluorescence-based optical devices, a thorough elucidation of their structure-photophysical properties needs to be established.

Sublithospheric diamond ages and the supercontinent cycle.

Subduction related to the ancient supercontinent cycle is poorly constrained by mantle samples. Sublithospheric diamond crystallization records the release of melts from subducting oceanic lithosphere at 300-700 km depths and is especially suited to tracking the timing and effects of deep mantle processes on supercontinents. Here we show that four isotope systems (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb and Re-Os) applied to Fe-sulfide and CaSiO inclusions within 13 sublithospheric diamonds from Juína (Brazil) and Kankan (Guinea) give broadly overlapping crystallization ages from around 450 to 650 million years ago.

Disrupting the Repeat Domain of Premelanosome Protein (PMEL) Produces Dysamyloidosis and Dystrophic Ocular Pigment Reflective of Pigmentary Glaucoma.

Pigmentary glaucoma has recently been associated with missense mutations in that are dominantly inherited and enriched in the protein's fascinating repeat domain. PMEL pathobiology is intriguing because PMEL forms amyloid in healthy eyes, and this PMEL amyloid acts to scaffold melanin deposition. This is an informative contradistinction to prominent neurodegenerative diseases where amyloid formation is neurotoxic and mutations cause a toxic gain of function called "amyloidosis".

Combining old and new concepts in targeting telomerase for cancer therapy: transient, immediate, complete and combinatory attack (TICCA).

Telomerase can overcome replicative senescence by elongation of telomeres but is also a specific element in most cancer cells. It is expressed more vastly than any other tumor marker. Telomerase as a tumor target inducing replicative immortality can be overcome by only one other mechanism: alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT).

Timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration in pregnancies with increased risk for premature birth: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate how often antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) were administered within the optimal time frame in women at risk of preterm birth (PTB) in relation to several diagnoses and risk factors.

Method: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort trial, in which the data of all births taking place in 2016 in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate were evaluated. Frequency analyses, subgroup analyses, and logistic regression were performed.

NEXAFS spectra of model sulfide chains: implications for sulfur networks obtained from inverse vulcanization.

Inverse vulcanization is a promising route to stabilize sulfur in lithium-sulfur batteries, but the resulting sulfur strand lengths in the materials are elusive. We address the strand length by characterization sulfur near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Theoretical predictions of NEXAFS spectra for model molecules containing strands with up to three sulfur atoms are verified by experiment.

Leveraging Coupled Solvatofluorochromism and Fluorescence Quenching in Nitrophenyl-Containing Thiazolothiazoles for Efficient Organic Vapor Sensing.

Solvatofluorochromic molecules provide strikingly high fluorescent outputs to monitor a wide range of biological, environmental, or materials-related sensing processes. Here, thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz) fluorophores equipped with simple alkylamino and nitrophenyl substituents for solid-state, high-performance chemo-responsive sensing applications are reported. Nitroaromatic substituents are known to strongly quench dye fluorescence, however, the TTz core subtly modulates intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) enabling strong, locally excited-state fluorescence in non-polar conditions.

Influence of exposure to pesticides on telomere length and pregnancy outcome: Diethylphosphates but not Dimethylphosphates are associated with accelerated telomere attrition in a Palestinian cohort.

Exposure to environmental pesticides during pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes such as low birth weight and impaired neuro-development. In this study, we assessed maternal leukocyte telomere lengths (TL) in Palestinian pregnant women and compared the data with urinary organophosphate concentrations, demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors, birth weight, body length, gestational age, and head circumference. Women with high urine levels of creatinine adjusted diethylphosphate(DE)derived pesticide metabolites DEP, DETP or DEDTP had shorter telomeres (p = 0.