Clinical characteristics, course and prognosis of Multiple Sclerosis patients with epilepsy. A case control study: MS and epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: Although more common than in the general population, seizures are an atypical manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS) and their pathophysiology is not well understood. This study aims to examine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, brain imaging findings and course of epilepsy, presenting in patients with MS.

Methods: Observational retrospective study of MS patients evaluated at a single MS reference center in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 2011 and 2022, focusing on those who developed epilepsy (EMS).

Surgical treatment of focal symptomatic refractory status epilepticus with and without invasive EEG.

Purpose: Neurosurgery appears to be a reasonable alternative in carefully selected patients with refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE). We discuss the optimal timing of the surgery and the use of previous stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) invasive evaluation.

Methods: We identified 3 patients (two pediatric and one adult) who underwent epilepsy surgery because of RSE or SRSE from our epilepsy surgery database, one of them with previous SEEG.

Dietary therapy is not the best option for refractory nonsurgical epilepsy.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is currently a well-established treatment for patients with medically refractory, nonsurgical epilepsy. However, despite its efficacy, the KD is highly restrictive and constitutes a treatment with serious potential adverse effects, and often with difficulties in its implementation and compliance. Patients on the KD require strict follow-up and constant supervision by a medical team highly experienced in its management in order to prevent complications.

Epilepsia partialis continua associated with levamisole.

Epilepsia partialis continua is defined as a spontaneous regular or irregular clonic muscular twitching affecting a limited part of the body, occurring for a minimum of 1 hour and recurring at intervals of less than 10 seconds. Levamisole is used as an immunomodulating medication in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers. Evidence suggests that it can induce multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy.