Action potential-coupled Rho GTPase signaling drives presynaptic plasticity.

In contrast to their postsynaptic counterparts, the contributions of activity-dependent cytoskeletal signaling to presynaptic plasticity remain controversial and poorly understood. To identify and evaluate these signaling pathways, we conducted a proteomic analysis of the presynaptic cytomatrix using in vivo biotin identification (iBioID). The resultant proteome was heavily enriched for actin cytoskeleton regulators, including Rac1, a Rho GTPase that activates the Arp2/3 complex to nucleate branched actin filaments.

Plug-and-Play Protein Modification Using Homology-Independent Universal Genome Engineering.

Analysis of endogenous protein localization, function, and dynamics is fundamental to the study of all cells, including the diversity of cell types in the brain. However, current approaches are often low throughput and resource intensive. Here, we describe a CRISPR-Cas9-based homology-independent universal genome engineering (HiUGE) method for endogenous protein manipulation that is straightforward, scalable, and highly flexible in terms of genomic target and application.

Solubility of CaHPO · 2HO in the System Ca(OH)-HPO-HO at 5, 15, 25, and 37.5 °C.

Solubility isotherms for CaHPO · 2HO, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD, in the ternary system Ca(OH) - HPO - HO were determined at 5, 15, 25, and 37.5 °C in the pH range 3.5 - 7; the relative positions of the isotherms indicate that DCPD has a negative thermal coefficient of solubility.

Solubility of CaHPO · 2HO and Formation of Ion Pairs in the System Ca(OH)- HPO - HO at 37.5 °C.

The solubility isotherm for CaHPO · 2HO (DCPD) in the three-component system Ca(OH) - HPO - HO was determined in the H range 3.5 to 6.8 by leaching a thermostated column of DCPD with dilute phosphoric acid solutions.

Crystallography of Tetracalcium Phosphate.

Tetracalcium phosphate, CaO(PO)2, has a monoclinic modification with the parameters 11.99, b = 9.48, and c = 6.