Effects of centipedic acid on acute lung injury: A dose-response study in a murine model.

Centipedic Acid (CPA), a natural diterpene from Egletes viscosa, an endemic species of the Caatinga biome, has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, no report on the CPA on respiratory system mechanics has been so far advanced. We aimed to investigate the dose-response behavior of CPA on E.

Subacute and sublethal ingestion of microcystin-LR impairs lung mitochondrial function by an oligomycin-like effect.

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent cyanotoxin that can reach several organs. However subacute exposure to sublethal doses of MC-LR has not yet well been studied. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of subacute and sublethal MC-LR exposure on lungs.

Isolation of Mitochondria From Fresh Mice Lung Tissue.

Direct analysis of isolated mitochondria enables a better understanding of lung dysfunction. Despite well-defined mitochondrial isolation protocols applicable to other tissues, such as the brain, kidney, heart, and liver, a robust and reproductive protocol has not yet been advanced for the lung. We describe a protocol for the isolation of mitochondria from lung tissue aiming for functional analyses of mitochondrial O consumption, transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, ATP production, and swelling.

Different Tidal Volumes May Jeopardize Pulmonary Redox and Inflammatory Status in Healthy Rats Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation.

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is essential for the treatment of critical patients since it may provide a desired gas exchange. However, MV itself can trigger ventilator-associated lung injury in patients. We hypothesized that the mechanisms of lung injury through redox imbalance might also be associated with pulmonary inflammatory status, which has not been so far described.

Pulmonary Emphysema Regional Distribution and Extent Assessed by Chest Computed Tomography Is Associated With Pulmonary Function Impairment in Patients With COPD.

This study aimed to evaluate how emphysema extent and its regional distribution quantified by chest CT are associated with clinical and functional severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.70, without any other obstructive airway disease, who presented radiological evidence of emphysema on visual CT inspection were retrospectively enrolled.

Pulmonary impairment in type 2 diabetic rats and its improvement by exercise.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate whether the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model can generate lung functional, histological and biochemical impairments and whether moderate exercise can prevent these changes.

Methods: Wistar rats were assigned to control (CTRL), exercise (EXE), diabetic (D) and diabetic with exercise (D+EXE) groups. We used the n5-STZ model of diabetes mellitus triggered by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 120 mg/kg b.

COVID-19 Chest Computed Tomography to Stratify Severity and Disease Extension by Artificial Neural Network Computer-Aided Diagnosis.

This work aims to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) to quantify the extent of pulmonary involvement (PI) in COVID-19 as well as the radiological patterns referred to as lung opacities in chest computer tomography (CT). One hundred thirty subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent chest CT at hospital admission were retrospectively studied (141 sets of CT scan images). Eighty-eight healthy individuals without radiological evidence of acute lung disease served as controls.

Eugenol mitigated acute lung but not spermatic toxicity of C fullerene emulsion in mice.

C fullerene (C) is a nano-pollutant that can damage the respiratory system. Eugenol exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the time course of C emulsion-induced pulmonary and spermatic harms, as well as the effect of eugenol on C emulsion toxicity.

Automatic Quantification of Interstitial Lung Disease From Chest Computed Tomography in Systemic Sclerosis.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and its diagnosis contributes to early treatment decisions. To quantify ILD associated with SSc (SSc-ILD) from chest CT images using an automatic quantification method based on the computation of the weight of interstitial lung opacities. Ninety-four patients with SSc underwent CT, forced vital capacity (FVC), and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DL) tests.

P2Y Receptor Antagonist Clopidogrel Attenuates Lung Inflammation Triggered by Silica Particles.

Silicosis is an occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of silica particles. It is characterized by intense lung inflammation, with progressive and irreversible fibrosis, leading to impaired lung function. Purinergic signaling modulates silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis through P2X7 receptor.

Respiratory mechanics of patients with morbid obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the different components of the resistance of the respiratory system, respiratory muscle strength and to investigate the occurrence of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) in patients with morbid obesity (MO) when seated.

Methods: The sample was composed of MO (BMI≥40 kg/m2) and non-obese individuals (NO) with a BMI between 18 and 30 kg/m2. The protocol consisted of the anthropometric assessment and the following measures of respiratory function: spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) and impulse oscillometry.

Biomechanical Response of Lung Epithelial Cells to Iron Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.

Increasing evidence shows that lungs can be damaged by inhalation of nanoparticles (NPs) at environmental and occupational settings. Recent findings have associated the exposure to iron oxide (FeO) and titanium dioxide (TiO) - NPs widely used in biomedical and clinical research - with pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. Although changes on cellular mechanics could contribute to pulmonary inflammation, there is no information regarding the effects of FeO and TiO on alveolar epithelial cell biomechanics.

Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide induces alveolar epithelial cell stiffening.

Introduction: Application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a widely employed model to mimic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Available data regarding LPS-induced biomechanical changes on pulmonary epithelial cells are limited only to P. aeruginosa LPS.

Variable Ventilation Associated With Recruitment Maneuver Minimizes Tissue Damage and Pulmonary Inflammation in Anesthetized Lung-Healthy Rats.

Background: Recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can be used to counteract intraoperative anesthesia-induced atelectasis. Variable ventilation can stabilize lung mechanics by avoiding the monotonic tidal volume and protect lung parenchyma as tidal recruitment is encompassed within the tidal volume variability.

Methods: Forty-nine (7 per group) male Wistar rats were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated.

The role of sphingolipid metabolism disruption on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice.

Aim: This study assessed pulmonary outcomes generated by inhibiting key enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism pathways related to ceramide synthesis in a murine model of lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods: C57BL/6 male adult mice received LPS intratracheally and the expressions of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM), serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) and dihydroceramide synthase (DS) were assessed at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after LPS instillation in lung homogenate (n = 30). The pharmacological inhibition of ASM, NSM, SPT and DS were assayed in other mice groups by three different doses of desipramine, GW4869, myriocin and fumonisin, respectively (n = 90).

Alveolar Tidal recruitment/derecruitment and Overdistension During Four Levels of End-Expiratory Pressure with Protective Tidal Volume During Anesthesia in a Murine Lung-Healthy Model.

Purpose: We compared respiratory mechanics between the positive end-expiratory pressure of minimal respiratory system elastance (PEEP) and three levels of PEEP during low-tidal-volume (6 mL/kg) ventilation in rats.

Methods: Twenty-four rats were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. Airway pressure (P), flow (F), and volume (V) were fitted by a linear single compartment model (LSCM) P(t) = E × V(t) + R × F(t) + PEEP or a volume- and flow-dependent SCM (VFDSCM) P(t) = (E + E × V(t)) × V(t) + (K + K × |F(t)|) × F(t) + PEEP, where E and R are respiratory system elastance and resistance, respectively; E and E× V are volume-independent and volume-dependent E, respectively; and K and K × F are flow-independent and flow-dependent R, respectively.

Intratracheal instillation of coal and coal fly ash particles in mice induces DNA damage and translocation of metals to extrapulmonary tissues.

Continuous exposure to coal mining particles can cause a variety of lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of exposure to detailed characterized coal and coal fly ash (CFA) particles on DNA, lung and extrapulmonary tissues. Coal samples (COAL11 and COAL16) and CFA samples (CFA11 and CFA16) were included in this study.

Lung and liver responses to 1- and 7-day treatments with LASSBio-596 in mice subchronically intoxicated by microcystin-LR.

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) can cause serious injuries upon short- and long-term exposures that can be prevented by LASSBio-596 (LB-596), an anti-inflammatory compound. We aimed to test LB-596 following subchronic exposure to MC-LR. Swiss mice received 10 intraperitoneal injections of distilled water (DW) or MC-LR (20 μg/kg bw) every 2 days.