Publications by authors named "Walt Gray"
Purpose: Our study aimed to determine whether the altered expression of biomarkers linked to corneal injuries, such as the edema-regulating proteins aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5 (AQP1 and AQP5), occurred following primary blast exposure.
Methods: Adult male Dutch Belted rabbits were anesthetized and exposed to blast waves with peak overpressures of 142.5-164.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore whether a survivable isolated primary blast can cause significant eye injuries using a model with live rabbits.
- Eighteen rabbits were exposed to various low-level blast pressures, and their eyes were examined before and after the blasts for any changes.
- Results showed immediate and lasting changes in corneal and retinal thickness, along with altered intraocular pressure, indicating that such blasts can lead to ocular injuries that may affect vision and have important implications in both clinical and military settings.
Purpose: A computational model of the porcine eye was developed to simulate primary blast exposure. This model facilitates understanding of blast-induced injury mechanisms.
Methods: A computational model of the porcine eye was used to simulate the effects of primary blast loading for comparison with experimental findings from shock tube experiments.
Anatomical manifestations of primary blast ocular trauma observed in a postmortem porcine model.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
February 2014
Purpose: We qualitatively describe the anatomic features of primary blast ocular injury observed using a postmortem porcine eye model. Porcine eyes were exposed to various levels of blast energy to determine the optimal conditions for future testing.
Methods: We studied 53 enucleated porcine eyes: 13 controls and 40 exposed to a range of primary blast energy levels.
Paintball trauma and mechanisms of optic nerve injury: rotational avulsion and rebound evulsion.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
December 2011
Purpose: Ballistic impact studies and supercomputer modeling were performed to elicit the mechanisms of optic nerve rupture that may accompany blunt ocular trauma.
Methods: Paintball ocular impact responses were studied with abattoir-fresh porcine eyes. Physics-based numerical code CTH was used to produce robust geometric and constitutive models of the eye and orbit, providing a comparative 3-D finite volume model to help determine the mechanisms underlying empirical ballistic observations.
Numerical modeling of paintball impact ocular trauma: identification of progressive injury mechanisms.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
September 2011
Purpose: To create a computer-based numerical simulation model for comparison with empiric paintball-ocular ballistic study findings, allowing identification of the dynamic physical mechanisms (stress, strain, pressure) responsible for intraocular traumatic injury accompanying blunt ocular impact. Virtual experiments with numerical models could exploit mathematical "instrumentation" to facilitate internal observation impossible with physical experiments alone.
Methods: Models of human eye structures and orbit were implemented into the finite-volume Eulerian numerical hydrocode CTH.
Purpose: Ballistic studies were conducted using gelatin-embedded abattoir-fresh porcine eyes suspended within clear acrylic orbits to discern the energy required to produce specific ocular injuries. Paintball impact provides a robust ballistic model for isolating and quantifying the role of direct blunt force in ocular trauma.
Methods: Fifty-nine porcine orbital preparations received direct blows from 0.