Tongue-tie and breastfeeding.

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of maternal breastfeeding and maternal pain pre- and post-lingual frenulum release procedures in infants with ankyloglossia.

Methods: Infants under 4 months of age with tongue-tie who were actively breastfeeding, and their mothers (mother-infant dyads) were recruited. Infants' ankyloglossia severity was evaluated using the Coryllos® ankyloglossia tongue-tie grading scale.

Use of an intraocular handpiece for the removal of magnets from the oropharynx of a pediatric patient.

With the increasing availability of magnets within household objects and toys, otolaryngologists must be aware of the propensity of ingestions or impaction of magnets within the upper aerodigestive tract of pediatric patients. We describe a case of a 21-month old male who presented with throat pain after swallowing ten 0.5-inch magnetic balls, after which evaluation revealed the adherence the the of three magnets within the posterior oropharynx and an additional seven magnets in the small intestine.

Development and Evaluation of an Objective Tympanic Membrane Visualization Assessment Technique.

Objectives: To introduce an inexpensive method for objectively evaluating otoscopic visualization of the tympanic membrane wherein learners match what they visualize in standardized patients to tympanic membrane photographs.

Methods: Two standardized patients had photographs taken of their tympanic membranes using a commercially-available digital otoscope. First- and third-year medical students were asked to perform an otoscopic examination on each patient using a conventional handheld otoscope and to match what they saw with the correct tympanic membrane image among distractor photographs belonging to other patients.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)-Executive Summary.

Objective: This update of a 2011 guideline developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation provides evidence-based recommendations on the pre-, intra-, and postoperative care and management of children 1 to 18 years of age under consideration for tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy is defined as a surgical procedure performed with or without adenoidectomy that completely removes the tonsil, including its capsule, by dissecting the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and the muscular wall. Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States, with 289,000 ambulatory procedures performed annually in children <15 years of age, based on the most recent published data.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update).

Objective: This update of a 2011 guideline developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation provides evidence-based recommendations on the pre-, intra-, and postoperative care and management of children 1 to 18 years of age under consideration for tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy is defined as a surgical procedure performed with or without adenoidectomy that completely removes the tonsil, including its capsule, by dissecting the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and the muscular wall. Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States, with 289,000 ambulatory procedures performed annually in children <15 years of age based on the most recent published data.

Coblation versus microdebrider in pediatric adenoidectomy.

Objective: To compare and contrast coblation and microdebrider with touch-up electrocautery (ME) for adenoidectomy in children.

Methods: Patients <18 years old undergoing adenoidectomy without tonsillectomy were selected for this prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Participants were enrolled into one of two groups based on birth date: coblation or ME.

Pain control following tonsillectomy in children: A survey of patients.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to survey pediatric patients and their parents after tonsillectomy to assess their pain management utilization and satisfaction.

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is the second most common surgical procedure performed in pediatric patients. Postoperative recovery is often associated with high levels of pain and severe functional limitations.

Utilization and trends in surgical instrument use in pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: Examine trends in surgical instrument usage for pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Methods: An online survey asking questions about current and previous surgical instrument use was created by the authors and distributed to 517 members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology in October 2015. The survey was designed to assess trends in the use of surgical instruments in pediatric adenotonsillectomy by comparing the results of our 2015 survey to data from a previously published 2005 study.

Coblation-assisted closure of persistent tracheocutaneous fistulae.

Persistent tracheocutaneous fistulae (PTCFs) are sequelae of long-term tracheostomy tube use, and while many procedures exist to correct this issue, several are invasive and incur risk to the patient. This case study discusses a minimally invasive approach to closure of small PFTFs with a coblator device that may reduce the risks associated with other closure procedures. We demonstrated successful tracheocutaneous fistulae closure after coblation in all 4 patients that the operation was performed.

Use of β-tricalcium phosphate grafts for Airway reconstruction in rabbits: A pilot study.

Objectives/hypothesis: To assess the safety and feasibility of using β-tricalcium phosphate grafts in airway reconstruction in rabbits.

Study Design: Interventional animal study.

Methods: Ten New Zealand White rabbits underwent division of the anterior cricoid cartilage with interposition of a graft sculpted from β-tricalcium phosphate blocks.

Supraglottoplasty in Infants: A Staged Approach.

Objective: While generally well tolerated for the treatment of severe laryngomalacia, bilateral supraglottoplasty has potential complications including supraglottic stenosis and aspiration. We report a more conservative staged supraglottoplasty in infants with severe laryngomalacia.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of our patients who underwent staged supraglottoplasty from June 2007 to June 2012.

Peritonsillar abscess with rapid progression to complete airway obstruction in a toddler.

Peritonsillar abscess in children younger than 5 years old has rarely been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 22-month-old child with a right peritonsillar abscess with parapharyngeal spread that was complicated by airway obstruction secondary to rapid epiglottic swelling. The severity of the airway obstruction necessitated an urgent tracheostomy, incision and drainage of the peritonsillar abscess and right lateral pharyngeal space, and a right tonsillectomy.

Adenomatous multinodular goiter causing airway obstruction in an infant.

Nontoxic adenomatous multinodular goiter (AMNG) in infants is a rare condition. We discuss an extremely rare case of a nontoxic AMNG in a 3-month-old female presenting with airway obstruction. Surgical resection of the mass was performed to reduce the burden on the airway and for diagnosis.

Standardization of reporting post-tonsillectomy bleeding.

Objectives: Postoperative bleeding is a well-recognized complication after tonsillectomy. We believe significant variation exists in how bleeding following tonsillectomy is reported and that a standardized system is needed. Our goal was to develop such a system.

Coblation tonsillectomy in children: incidence of bleeding.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding rate utilizing the Coblation device for total tonsillectomy in children.

Study Design: Prospectively designed clinical study.

Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained to study patients undergoing Coblation tonsillectomy.

The influence of peak airway pressure and oxygen requirement on infant tracheostomy.

Objective: To determine if and how the preoperative peak airway pressure and oxygen requirement of an infant (less than 6 months of age) who requires mechanical ventilation influences the physician's decision to perform a tracheostomy on that infant.

Study Design: Nationwide survey.

Subjects: Pediatric Otolaryngologists.

Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube in pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: Evaluation of safety and postoperative outcomes of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during pediatric tonsil surgery compared to use of the endotracheal tube (ETT).

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Methods: A population-based sample of 117 patients ages 2 to 18 years requiring adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or tonsillectomy was studied.

Post-operative pain following coblation or monopolar electrocautery tonsillectomy in children: a prospective, single-blinded, randomised comparison.

Objective: To compare post-operative pain following tonsillectomy by either coblation or monopolar electrocautery in children.

Design: A parallel-designed, prospective, single-blinded, randomised trial.

Setting: Ambulatory surgical facility.

Trends in the indications for pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: To report trends in the indications for pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy.

Methods: To identify current indications, (1) a retrospective chart review analyzed all indications for procedures performed by a pediatric otolaryngologist on patients aged 0-3, 4-10, or 11-18 years, and (2) a cross-sectional survey to members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology asked for approximate percentages of children in the same age groups receiving procedures for obstruction, infection, or another indication. To assess changing indications over time, (3) a literature review was performed.

Membranous laryngitis in a child.

The most common etiologies for acute infectious airway obstruction include epiglottitis, croup, and bacterial tracheitis. We present a unique cause of upper airway obstruction in a child not previously described. To our knowledge this is the first case in the literature of membranous laryngitis in a child due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA).

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 and hyaluronic acid on tracheal wound healing.

Objectives: To evaluate basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (BFGF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) effects on a surgically produced tracheal defect.

Study Design: Animal model.

Methods: Anterior punch lesions were created on 33 male rabbits divided into three equal groups.

Lobular capillary hemangioma of the neonatal larynx.

Objective: To describe a previously unreported condition of the neonatal larynx.

Design: Case series of 4 neonates with an uncommon laryngeal lesion.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on laryngeal wound healing in rabbits.

Objective: Study the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on laryngeal wound healing in a rabbit model.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded.

Methods: The anterior cricoid cartilage of 10 rabbits was split and a VEGF-soaked collagen sponge was sewn between the cut edges.

Past and present instrument use in pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: Examine changing trends/instrument usage for pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Study Design And Setting: Survey of 300 members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology assessing instruments used in adenotonsillectomy currently and over the past 15 years.

Results: A total of 120 surveys were returned.