Aging with HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most effective therapeutic intervention for HIV infection. With improved survival, comorbidities, including neuropsychiatric and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) are of increasing concern to aging people with HIV (PWH). The clinical features and the inter-individual variability of the aging process confound the elucidation of the diagnosis and underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in aging PWH.

"Weight and See": Initial Weight Gain After Starting Antiretroviral Therapy Is Not Associated With Antiretroviral Regimen Type and Does Not Predict Subsequent Weight Trajectory.

In a Canadian cohort with HIV, 61% gained weight, 26% lost weight, and 12% remained stable in the first year of antiretroviral therapy. Weight gain was not associated with regimen type and slowed in years 2 to 3, with 44%, 34%, and 23% experiencing increasing, decreasing, and stable trajectories. Although 23% had significant weight gain year 1, many subsequently lost weight despite continuing antiretroviral therapy.

Effect of depressive symptoms on health services utilization in the HIV and hepatitis C co-infected population in Canada.

Depression is common among people living with HCV and HIV, which contributes to health services utilization (HSU). It is unknown whether successful HCV treatment affects this. We examined depressive symptoms and HSU in people co-infected with HIV-HCV and their association with sustained virologic response (SVR) during the direct-acting antiviral era.

"It's like it's the old boys club"-the age-related experiences of diverse older women living with HIV: A scoping review and consultative exercise.

Objectives: HIV is often under-recognized in older individuals, particularly women, despite a significant number of new cases being diagnosed in those aged >50 years. This review aimed to understand the age-related experiences and challenges faced by women aged ≥50 years living with HIV through an intersectional perspective.

Methods: We conducted a systematic scoping review using the framework by Arksey and O'Malley, refined by Levac, Colquhoun, and Peters, and informed by a Sex- and Gender-Based Analysis Plus (SGBA+) approach.

Exploring the Perspectives of Older Adults Living With HIV on Virtual Care: Qualitative Study.

Background: As the population of individuals with HIV ages rapidly due to advancements in antiretroviral therapy, virtual care has become an increasingly vital component in managing their complex health needs. However, little is known about perceptions of virtual care among older adults living with HIV.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the perceptions of older adults living with HIV regarding virtual care.

Perceived Physical Activity Levels and Objective Measures: A Mixed-Methods Study of Residents Aged 65 and Above in Assisted Living Homes in Australia.

Communities face a mounting social, economic and health burden as the global population of older adults continues to grow. Regular physical activity is consistently reported as an effective means of maintaining health and independence in older adults, yet engagement in activity remains low. This study assesses the activity levels of adults aged over 65 years residing in Australian assisted living homes, and extended to examine their perception of their activity and explore possible factors that hinder or promote their engagement in physical activity.

Coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in a population-based cohort of people with HIV and a matched cohort of people without HIV during Omicron variant waves.

We found that rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR-confirmed infection were approximately 50% higher in a population-based cohort of people with HIV compared with a matched cohort of people without HIV during the Omicron era (2 January 2022 to 31 March 2023) in Ontario, Canada, after controlling for age, sex, residential census tract, and country of birth. Rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization and/or death were more than double. Differences persisted independent of vaccination, healthcare access, and COVID-19 diagnosis.

Changes in hepatic steatosis before and after direct acting antiviral treatment in people living with HIV and Hepatitis C coinfection.

Background: Both HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increase the risk of hepatic steatosis (HS), which in turn contributes to the severity and progression of liver disease. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) can cure HCV but whether they reduce HS is unclear.

Methods: HS was assessed using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) in participants coinfected with HIV-HCV from the Canadian Coinfection Cohort.

Diverse Participant Recruitment for Infant Sequencing in the BabySeq Project.

Purpose: It is essential that studies of genomic sequencing (GS) in newborns and children include individuals from under-represented racial and ethnic groups (URG) to ensure future applications are equitably implemented. We conducted interviews with parents from URG to better understand their perspectives on GS research, develop strategies to reduce barriers to enrollment, and facilitate research participation.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 50 parents from URG.

Physical Exercise for Healthy Older Adults and Those with Frailty: What Exercise Is Best and Is There a Difference? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Methods: All English studies published after 1989 with a controlled design, investigating    65 years and over were considered if the study design compared PE to a nonexercise control group. Health-related outcomes included physical, cognitive, and psychological function. Studies that investigated cardiorespiratory disease and used designs like systematic review were excluded.

How oxygenation shapes immune responses: emerging roles for physioxia and pathological hypoxia.

Most eukaryotes require oxygen for their survival and, with increasing multicellular complexity, oxygen availability and delivery rates vary across the tissues of complex organisms. In humans, healthy tissues have markedly different oxygen gradients, ranging from the hypoxic environment of the bone marrow (where our haematopoietic stem cells reside) to the lungs and their alveoli, which are among the most oxygenated areas of the body. Immune cells are therefore required to adapt to varying oxygen availability as they move from the bone marrow to peripheral organs to mediate their effector functions.

The BabySeq Project: A clinical trial of genome sequencing in a diverse cohort of infants.

Efforts to implement and evaluate genome sequencing (GS) as a screening tool for newborns and infants are expanding worldwide. The first iteration of the BabySeq Project (2015-2019), a randomized controlled trial of newborn sequencing, produced novel evidence on medical, behavioral, and economic outcomes. The second iteration of BabySeq, which began participant recruitment in January 2023, examines GS outcomes in a larger, more diverse cohort of more than 500 infants up to one year of age recruited from pediatric clinics at several sites across the United States.

Differential roles for the oxygen sensing enzymes PHD1 and PHD3 in the regulation of neutrophil metabolism and function.

Background: Neutrophils are essential in the early innate immune response to pathogens. Harnessing their antimicrobial powers, without driving excessive and damaging inflammatory responses, represents an attractive therapeutic possibility. The neutrophil population is increasingly recognised to be more diverse and malleable than was previously appreciated.

Motivators and barriers for studying podiatry in Australia and New Zealand: A mixed methods study.

Background: Podiatry enrolments at Australian and New Zealand universities have decreased by 17.3% since 2015, which threatens the profession's sustainability and the health and wellbeing of Australian and New Zealand people and communities. Reasons for this decline remain unclear due to insufficient evidence on factors influencing career choices.

Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Are Enhanced by Hybrid Immunity and Original/Omicron Bivalent Vaccination.

We determined neutralizing antibody levels to the ancestral Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain and three Omicron variants, namely BA.5, XBB.1.

Age-related experiences of diverse older women living with HIV: A scoping review protocol informed by intersectionality.

Introduction: Older women living with HIV often go unnoticed due to societal biases and stigmas. Despite a rise in cases among older women, there is limited research on the psychosocial factors impacting their experiences. Aging complexities compounded by HIV and menopause affect these women's health, while factors like mental health impact, changing support networks, and ageism with HIV stigma influence their well-being.

Primary cilia as a targetable node between biliary injury, senescence and regeneration in liver transplantation.

Background & Aims: Biliary complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation. Up to 25% of patients that develop biliary complications require additional surgical procedures, re-transplantation or die in the absence of a suitable regraft. Here, we investigate the role of the primary cilium, a highly specialised sensory organelle, in biliary injury leading to post-transplant biliary complications.

Long-term safety and impact of immune recovery in heavily treatment-experienced adults receiving fostemsavir for up to 5 years in the phase 3 BRIGHTE study.

Introduction: Fostemsavir is a gp120-directed attachment inhibitor approved for heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) adults with multidrug-resistant HIV-1. We provide detailed week 240 safety results from the BRIGHTE study and evaluate the impact of immune recovery on safety outcomes.

Methods: The phase 3 BRIGHTE trial is ongoing; data for this analysis were collected from the first participant's first visit (February 23, 2015) through the last participant's last visit for week 240 (March 22, 2021).

Frequent Disengagement and Subsequent Mortality Among People With HIV and Hepatitis C in Canada: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The cascade of care, commonly used to assess HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) health service delivery, has limitations in capturing the complexity of individuals' engagement patterns. This study examines the dynamic nature of engagement and mortality trajectories among people with HIV and HCV.

Methods: We used data from the Canadian HIV-HCV Co-Infection Cohort, which prospectively follows 2098 participants from 18 centers biannually.

Correlates of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections in People with HIV: Results from the CIHR CTN 328 Study.

COVID-19 breakthrough infection (BTI) can occur despite vaccination. Using a multi-centre, prospective, observational Canadian cohort of people with HIV (PWH) receiving ≥2 COVID-19 vaccines, we compared the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG levels 3 and 6 months post second dose, as well as 1 month post third dose, in PWH with and without BTI. BTI was defined as positivity based on self-report measures (data up to last study visit) or IgG data (up to 1 month post dose 3).

Switch to fixed-dose doravirine (100 mg) with islatravir (0·75 mg) once daily in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy: 48-week results of a phase 3, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Doravirine and islatravir is an investigational, once-daily, single-tablet regimen with high antiviral potency, favourable safety and tolerability, and low propensity for resistance. We report week 48 results from a phase 3 trial evaluating switch from stable, oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to the fixed combination of doravirine (100 mg) and islatravir (0·75 mg).

Methods: This phase 3, multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial was conducted at 77 research, community, and hospital-based clinics in 15 countries.

Non-AIDS-defining comorbidities impact health related quality of life among older adults living with HIV.

Introduction: The life expectancy of people living with HIV receiving effective combination antiretroviral therapy is approaching that of the general population and non AIDS-defining age-related comorbidities are becoming of greater concern. In order to support healthy aging of this population, we set out to explore the association between multimorbidity (defined as presence of 2 or more non AIDS-defining comorbidities) and quality of life (QoL).

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Correlates of Healthy Aging in Geriatric HIV (CHANGE HIV) study, a Canadian cohort of people living with HIV age 65  years and older.

Efficacy and safety of switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine in virologically suppressed people with HIV-1 aged ≥ 50 years: week 48 pooled results from the TANGO and SALSA studies.

Background: As the population of people with HIV ages, concerns over managing age-related comorbidities, polypharmacy, immune recovery, and drug-drug interactions while maintaining viral suppression have arisen. We present pooled TANGO and SALSA efficacy and safety results dichotomized by age (< 50 and ≥ 50 years).

Methods: Week 48 data from the open-label phase 3 TANGO and SALSA trials evaluating switch to once-daily dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) fixed-dose combination vs continuing current antiretroviral regimen (CAR) were pooled.