The nucleosynthetic fingerprint of the outermost protoplanetary disk and early Solar System dynamics.

Knowledge of the nucleosynthetic isotope composition of the outermost protoplanetary disk is critical to understand the formation and early dynamical evolution of the Solar System. We report the discovery of outer disk material preserved in a pristine meteorite based on its chemical composition, organic-rich petrology, and N-rich, deuterium-rich, and O-poor isotope signatures. We infer that this outer disk material originated in the comet-forming region.

The public's perspective on the amount of time surgeons spend operating.

Background: As waiting lists for elective surgery grow, there seems to be a disconnect between the public's expectations on the amount of time surgeons spend operating compared with reality. On average, a surgeon in the NHS spends one day a week performing elective surgery. We aimed to investigate the public's perception on the amount of time surgeons spend performing elective surgery and what they would desire.

Injection sclerotherapy for the treatment of haemorrhoids in anticoagulated patients.

Background: Symptomatic haemorrhoids (SH) are a common condition; however, conventional outpatient treatment, including rubber band ligation, is contraindicated in patients receiving concurrent anticoagulation. Injection sclerotherapy (IST) has been proposed as a treatment option for these patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of case notes was performed in a colorectal surgery department that sits alongside a tertiary cardiothoracic surgical unit.

How much time do surgeons spend operating?

Background: Worldwide, there is significant variation in the amount of time surgeons spend performing elective surgery. The degree of variation is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the variation in amount of time that surgeons spend operating worldwide.

Systematic review of quality of life after esophagectomy and total gastrectomy in patients with gastro-esophageal junction cancer.

The optimal management of cancer of the gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) is an area of contention. GEJ tumors are typically resected via total gastrectomy or esophagectomy. Despite many studies aiming to determine the superiority of either procedure based on surgical or oncological outcomes, the evidence is equivocal.

Oesophagectomy or Total Gastrectomy for the Management of Siewert II Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: There is no consensus on the ideal surgical management of patients with Siewert type II gastroesophageal junctional (GEJ) cancers. Due to its anatomical location, total gastrectomy and oesophagectomy are widely used methods of resection. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal surgical treatment of these patients.

Smart Drain for Post-Cardiac Surgery Left Ventricular Volumes Evaluated in Large Animal Models.

Background: Open heart surgeries for coronary arterial bypass graft and valve replacements are performed on 400,000 Americans each year. Unexplained hypotension during recovery causes morbidity and mortality through cerebral, kidney, and coronary hypoperfusion. An early detection method that distinguishes between hypovolemia and decreased myocardial function before onset of hypotension is desirable.

The impact of myocardial compressibility on organ-level simulations of the normal and infarcted heart.

Myocardial infarction (MI) rapidly impairs cardiac contractile function and instigates maladaptive remodeling leading to heart failure. Patient-specific models are a maturing technology for developing and determining therapeutic modalities for MI that require accurate descriptions of myocardial mechanics. While substantial tissue volume reductions of 15-20% during systole have been reported, myocardium is commonly modeled as incompressible.

A stepwise approach to laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with D2 excision. An illustrated video guide for training colorectal surgeons - a video vignette.

We present a stepwise approach to performing a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy along with D2 excision. The video illustrates a modular approach for set up and resection, performed on a 60-year-old male patient, with a cancer in the ascending colon. The procedure is divided into its key steps, which include patient position, port placement and anatomical exposure, medial to lateral dissection with vessel control, sub-ileal dissection, lateral mobilization, hepatic flexure mobilization and extraction with extracorporeal anastomosis.

The Worst-Motive Fallacy: A Negativity Bias in Motive Attribution.

In this article, we describe a hitherto undocumented fallacy-in the sense of a mistake in reasoning-constituted by a negativity bias in the way that people attribute motives to others. We call this the "worst-motive fallacy," and we conducted two experiments to investigate it. In Experiment 1 ( = 323), participants expected protagonists in a variety of fictional vignettes to pursue courses of action that satisfy the protagonists' worst motive, and furthermore, participants significantly expected the protagonist to pursue a worse course of action than they would prefer themselves.

The impact of self-advocacy organizations on the subjective well-being of people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of the literature.

Background: A high sense of subjective well-being has been associated with more prosocial behaviours, better health, work productivity and positive relationships. The aim of this systematic review was to explore what impact self-advocacy has on the subjective well-being of people with intellectual disabilities.

Method: The authors reviewed articles focusing on the perspectives of adults with intellectual disabilities engaged with self-advocacy groups.

Considering discrepancy when calibrating a mechanistic electrophysiology model.

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a vital step in using mathematical models and simulations to take decisions. The field of cardiac simulation has begun to explore and adopt UQ methods to characterize uncertainty in model inputs and how that propagates through to outputs or predictions; examples of this can be seen in the papers of this issue. In this review and perspective piece, we draw attention to an important and under-addressed source of uncertainty in our predictions-that of uncertainty in the model structure or the equations themselves.

Impact of abrupt versus gradual correction of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation: a modelling study.

Aims: Correction of mitral and/or tricuspid regurgitation (MR, TR) frequently leads to poor outcomes in the days following intervention. We sought to understand how abrupt correction of MR and TR affects ventricular load and to investigate if gradual correction is beneficial.

Methods And Results: MR and TR were simulated using the CircAdapt cardiovascular system model with effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) areas of 0.

The Left and Right Ventricles Respond Differently to Variation of Pacing Delays in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Combined Experimental- Computational Approach.

Timing of atrial, right (RV), and left ventricular (LV) stimulation in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is known to affect electrical activation and pump function of the LV. In this study, we used computer simulations, with input from animal experiments, to investigate the effect of varying pacing delays on both LV and RV electrical dyssynchrony and contractile function. A pacing protocol was performed in dogs with atrioventricular block ( = 6), using 100 different combinations of atrial (A)-LV and A-RV pacing delays.

Relative Impact of Right Ventricular Electromechanical Dyssynchrony Versus Pulmonary Regurgitation on Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Exercise Intolerance in Patients After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot.

Background The relative impact of right ventricular ( RV ) electromechanical dyssynchrony versus pulmonary regurgitation ( PR ) on exercise capacity and RV function after tetralogy of Fallot repair is unknown. We aimed to delineate the relative effects of these factors on RV function and exercise capacity. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed 81 children with tetralogy of Fallot repair using multivariable regression.

Mechanical Properties and Processing Techniques of Bulk Metal-Organic Framework Glasses.

Melt quenched metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses define a new category of glass, distinct from metallic, organic, and inorganic glasses, owing to the dominant role of metal-ligand coordination bonding. The mechanical properties of glasses in general are important given their application in protective coatings and display technologies, though little is known about MOF glasses in this respect. The experimental elucidation of key properties such as their scratch resistance has been limited by the lack of processing methodologies capable of producing bulk glass samples.

Uniqueness of local myocardial strain patterns with respect to activation time and contractility of the failing heart: a computational study.

Background: Myocardial deformation measured by strain is used to detect electro-mechanical abnormalities in cardiac tissue. Estimation of myocardial properties from regional strain patterns when multiple pathologies are present is therefore a promising application of computer modelling. However, if different tissue properties lead to indistinguishable strain patterns ('degeneracy'), the applicability of any such method will be limited.

Probing Electrocatalysis at Individual Au Nanorods via Correlated Optical and Electrochemical Measurements.

A novel analytical methodology based on correlated optical and electroanalytical measurements was developed to probe electrocatalytic reactions at individual nanoparticles (NPs) with well-defined geometries. The developed methodology, Optically Targeted ElectroChemical Cell Microscopy (OTECCM), relies on a combination of optical hyperspectral imaging, to locate individual NPs and provide structural information, and Scanning ElectroChemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM), to provide direct information on the electrochemical behavior of the same NPs. This complementary strategy allows for SECCM measurements to be carried out in a "targeted" fashion, offering significant throughput advantages over conventional, scanning-based approaches.

Systolic Stretch Characterizes the Electromechanical Substrate Responsive to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

Objectives: In this study, the authors tested the hypotheses that the systolic stretch index (SSI) developed by computer modeling and applied using echocardiographic strain imaging may characterize the electromechanical substrate predictive of outcome following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). They included patients with QRS width 120 to 149 ms or non-left bundle branch block (LBBB), where clinical uncertainty for CRT exists. They further tested the hypothesis that global longitudinal strain (GLS) has additional prognostic value.

"… but if you're afraid of things, how are you meant to belong?" What belonging means to people with intellectual disabilities?

Background: A policy commitment to social inclusion has brought about some positive changes in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities; yet many also continue to experience social isolation, poverty and abuse. The authors introduce a framework for belonging from the literature and then present a study exploring the views of people with intellectual disabilities about belonging. These are discussed in relation to the framework identified from the literature.

Electrical Substrates Driving Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Combined Clinical-Computational Evaluation.

Background: The predictive value of interventricular versus intraventricular dyssynchrony for response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains unclear. We investigated the relative importance of both ventricular electrical substrate components for left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic function.

Methods And Results: First, we used the cardiovascular computational model CircAdapt to characterize the isolated effect of intrinsic interventricular and intraventricular activation on CRT response (ΔLVdP/dt).