Prepacked Take-Home Analgesia in Outpatient Hand Surgery Reduces Opioid Dispensation.

Background: Adequate postoperative pain treatment is important for quality of life, patient satisfaction, rehabilitation, function, and total opioid consumption, and might lower both the risk of chronic postoperative pain and the costs for society. Prolonged opioid consumption is a well-known risk factor for addiction. Previous studies in upper extremity surgery have shown that total opioid consumption is a third of the amount prescribed, which can be explained by package size.

Intracuff Lidocaine and Postoperative Throat Mucosal Injuries: An Evidence-based Review.

Purpose: Examine the effectiveness of using intracuff lidocaine to minimize postoperative complications.

Design: Systematic review.

Methods: This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines.

Data-driven Identification of Parametric Governing Equations of Dynamical Systems Using the Signed Cumulative Distribution Transform.

This paper presents a novel data-driven approach to identify partial differential equation (PDE) parameters of a dynamical system. Specifically, we adopt a mathematical "transport" model for the solution of the dynamical system at specific spatial locations that allows us to accurately estimate the model parameters, including those associated with structural damage. This is accomplished by means of a newly-developed mathematical transform, the signed cumulative distribution transform (SCDT), which is shown to convert the general nonlinear parameter estimation problem into a simple linear regression.

Impact of socioeconomic status on new chronic opioid use after gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Socioeconomic status may influence weight loss, postoperative complications, and health-related quality of life after bariatric surgery. Chronic use of opioid analgesics is a known risk after bariatric surgery, but whether socioeconomic factors are associated with new chronic use of opioid analgesics has not been investigated in depth.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify socioeconomic factors associated with the development of new chronic use of opioid analgesics after gastric bypass surgery.

Genetic analyses of nutrient digestibility measured by fecal near-infrared spectroscopy in pigs.

Improved nutrient digestibility is an important trait in genetic improvement in pigs due to global resource scarcity, increased human population and greenhouse gas emissions from pork production. Further, poor nutrient digestibility represents a direct nutrient loss, which affects the profit of the farmer. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen (ATTDn), crude fat (ATTDCfat), dry matter (ATTDdm), and organic matter (ATTDom) and to investigate their genetic relationship to other relevant production traits in pigs.

Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Closure of Mesenteric Defects in Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Short-term and midterm data suggest that mesenteric defects closure during laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery reduces the risk of internal herniation with small bowel obstruction (SBO) but may increase risk of kinking of the jejunojejunostomy in the early postoperative period. However, to our knowledge, there are no clinical trials reporting long-term results from this intervention in terms of risk for SBO or opioid use.

Objective: To evaluate long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of closure of mesenteric defects during LRYGB.

Opioid Use After Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy or Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.

Objective: To compare opioid use in patients with obesity treated with bariatric surgery versus adults with obesity who underwent intensive lifestyle modification.

Summary Of Background Data: Previous studies of opioid use after bariatric surgery have been limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up, and lack of control groups.

Methods: Nationwide matched cohort study including individuals from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the Itrim health database with individuals undergoing structured intensive lifestyle modification, between August 1, 2007 and September 30, 2015.

Antibacterial and antiviral high-performance nanosystems to mitigate new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

The increased severity of the COVID-19 infection due to new SARS-CoV-2 variants has resonated pandemic impact which made health experts to re-evaluate the effectiveness of pandemic management strategies. This becomes critical owing to the infection in large population and shortcomings in the existing global healthcare system worldwide. The designing of high-performance nanosystems (NS) with tunable performances seems to be the most efficient method to tackle infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants including recently emerged omicron mutation.

Numerical study of acoustic focusing using a bianisotropic acoustic lens.

Materials with sub-wavelength asymmetry and long-range order have recently been shown to demonstrate acoustical properties analogous to electromagnetic bianisotropy. One characteristic of bianisotropic acoustic media is the existence of direction-dependent acoustic impedance. Therefore, the magnitude and phase of the acoustic fields transmitted through bianisotropic acoustic media are dependent on the direction of bianisotropic polarization.

Non-reciprocal wave propagation in mechanically-modulated continuous elastic metamaterials.

Acoustic and elastic metamaterials with time- and space-dependent effective material properties have recently received significant attention as a means to induce non-reciprocal wave propagation. Recent analytical models of spring-mass chains have shown that external application of a nonlinear mechanical deformation, when applied on time scales that are slow compared to the characteristic times of propagating linear elastic waves, may induce non-reciprocity via changes in the apparent elastic modulus for perturbations around that deformation. Unfortunately, it is rarely possible to derive analogous analytical models for continuous elastic metamaterials due to complex unit cell geometry.

Quality of life of prosthetic and orthotic users in South India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare QOL among people in India using lower-limb prostheses or orthoses with people without disability. A further aim was to compare subgroups and investigate whether QOL was associated with physical disability, gender, income, living area, and education.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study in which the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref was used to collect self-reported data.

Longitudinal eigenvibration of multilayer colloidal crystals and the effect of nanoscale contact bridges.

Longitudinal contact-based vibrations of colloidal crystals with a controlled layer thickness are studied. These crystals consist of 390 nm diameter polystyrene spheres arranged into close packed, ordered lattices with a thickness of one to twelve layers. Using laser ultrasonics, eigenmodes of the crystals that have out-of-plane motion are excited.

Nonreciprocal wave phenomena in spring-mass chains with effective stiffness modulation induced by geometric nonlinearity.

Acoustic nonreciprocity has been shown to enable a plethora of effects analogous to phenomena seen in quantum physics and electromagnetics, such as immunity from backscattering and unidirectional band gaps, which could lead to the design of direction-dependent acoustic devices. One way to break reciprocity is by spatiotemporally modulating material properties, which breaks parity and time-reversal symmetries. In this paper, we present a model for a medium in which a slow nonlinear deformation modulates the effective material properties for small overlaid disturbances (often referred to as "small-on-large" propagation).

Use of Opioid Analgesics Before and After Gastric Bypass Surgery in Sweden: a Population-Based Study.

Background: Little is known regarding the use of opioid analgesics among patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure has been shown to significantly increase the rate of absorption of and exposure to morphine, raising concerns regarding the potentially increased risk of side-effects and the development of substance-use disorder.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of opioid use over time following RYGB and to see if the pattern differs between patients with a high opioid consumption (HOC) prior to surgery and those with a low consumption (LOC).

Milk mid-infrared spectral data as a tool to predict feed intake in lactating Norwegian Red dairy cows.

Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy of milk was used to predict dry matter intake (DMI) and net energy intake (NEI) in 160 lactating Norwegian Red dairy cows. A total of 857 observations were used in leave-one-out cross-validation and external validation to develop and validate prediction equations using 5 different models. Predictions were performed using (multiple) linear regression, partial least squares (PLS) regression, or best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) methods.

Strategies for implementing genomic selection for feed efficiency in dairy cattle breeding schemes.

Alternative genomic selection and traditional BLUP breeding schemes were compared for the genetic improvement of feed efficiency in simulated Norwegian Red dairy cattle populations. The change in genetic gain over time and achievable selection accuracy were studied for milk yield and residual feed intake, as a measure of feed efficiency. When including feed efficiency in genomic BLUP schemes, it was possible to achieve high selection accuracies for genomic selection, and all genomic BLUP schemes gave better genetic gain for feed efficiency than BLUP using a pedigree relationship matrix.

Discrete breathers in a mass-in-mass chain with Hertzian local resonators.

We report on the existence of discrete breathers in a one-dimensional, mass-in-mass chain with linear intersite coupling and nonlinear, precompressed Hertzian local resonators, which is motivated by recent studies of the dynamics of microspheres adhered to elastic substrates. After predicting theoretically the existence of discrete breathers in the continuum and anticontinuum limits of intersite coupling, we use numerical continuation to compute a family of breathers interpolating between the two regimes in a finite chain, where the displacement profiles of the breathers are localized around one lattice site. We then analyze the frequency-amplitude dependence of the breathers by performing numerical continuation on a linear eigenmode (vanishing amplitude) solution of the system near the upper band gap edge.

Complex Contact-Based Dynamics of Microsphere Monolayers Revealed by Resonant Attenuation of Surface Acoustic Waves.

Contact-based vibrations play an essential role in the dynamics of granular materials. Significant insights into vibrational granular dynamics have previously been obtained with reduced-dimensional systems containing macroscale particles. We study contact-based vibrations of a two-dimensional monolayer of micron-sized spheres on a solid substrate that forms a microscale granular crystal.

Sugar acetates as CO2-philes: molecular interactions and structure aspects from absorption measurement using quartz crystal microbalance.

Sugar acetates, recognized as attractive CO(2)-philic compounds, have potential uses as pharmaceutical excipients, controlled release agents, and surfactants for microemulsion systems in CO(2)-based processes. This study focuses on the quantitative examination of absorption of high pressure CO(2) into these sugar derivatives using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as a detector. In addition to the absorption measurement, the QCM is initially found to be able to detect the CO(2)-induced deliquescence of sugar acetates, and the CO(2) pressure at which the deliquescence happens depends on several influencing factors such as the temperature and thickness of the film.

Examination of glass transitions in CO(2)-processed, peracetylated sugars using sum frequency generation spectroscopy.

The present study utilizes vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to study changes in the surface crystallinity of various peracetylated sugars, a class of materials that have a high affinity for carbon dioxide (CO(2)). Studies of the solid-air interface of acetylated beta-cyclodextrin (Ac-beta-CD) and sucrose octaacetate (SOA) show that diffuse reflectance SFG spectroscopy is sensitive to changes in crystallinity from processing with either heat or solvation in CO(2), due to the loss of signal after glassification occurs. beta-d-Glucose pentaacetate (Ac-beta-GLC) was used as a control for this experiment due to the fact that it does not undergo a crystalline phase transition, regardless of processing conditions.

High resolution 1H NMR structural studies of sucrose octaacetate in supercritical carbon dioxide.

High pressure (HP), high resolution (HR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy has been utilized for the first time to investigate the solution structure of a carbohydrate based system, sucrose octaacetate (SOA), in supercritical CO2. The studies indicate that the average solution state conformation of the alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl ring of SOA in scCO2 medium is consistent with the 4C1 chair form, while the beta-D-fructofuranosyl ring adopts an envelope conformation. The investigations also suggest that scCO2 is a promising medium to study the solution structure and conformation of acetylated sugar systems.

Polar attributes of supercritical carbon dioxide.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) is increasingly promoted as an environmentally benign alternative to conventional organic solvents. The supercritical state bridges the gap between liquid and gaseous states by offering gaslike diffusion rates and liquidlike solvent densities, thereby enabling potential opportunities as a reaction and separation medium in chemical industry. Understanding the solvent behavior of liquid and scCO(2) is of critical importance to enable the design of CO(2)-philic molecular systems and to expand the use of these solvent systems to a wider range of chemical processes.

Completely "green" synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles.

In the present Communication, a completely "green" synthetic method for producing silver nanoparticles is introduced. The process is simple, environmentally benign, and quite efficient. By gentle heating of an aqueous starch solution containing silver nitrate and glucose, we produce relatively monodisperse, starched silver nanoparticles.