Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy.

Introduction: Inadequate bowel preparation can result in decreased diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic safety of colonoscopy for colon cancer screening. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) has been used to assess the quality of bowel preparation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are commonly used medications for diabetes mellitus and obesity that are known to delay gastrointestinal motility.

Structural analysis of a fibre-reinforced composite blade for a 1 MW tidal turbine rotor under degradation of seawater.

This paper presents a structural performance study of a fibre-reinforced composite blade for a 1 MW tidal turbine rotor blade that was designed for a floating tidal turbine device. The 8-m long blade was manufactured by ÉireComposites Teo and its structural performance was experimentally evaluated under mechanical loading in the Large Structures Research Laboratory at the University of Galway. Composite coupons, applied with an accelerated ageing process, were tested to evaluate the influence of seawater ageing effects on the performance of the materials.

The Ross Procedure in Children: Defining the Optimal Age.

Background: It has been proposed that delaying the Ross procedure to later in childhood, allowing autograft stabilisation and placement of a larger pulmonary conduit, may improve outcomes. However, the effect of age at the time of Ross procedure on outcomes remains unclear.

Methods: All patients who underwent the Ross procedure between 1995 and 2018 were included in the study.

Aortic valve repair versus the Ross procedure in children.

Background: Aortic valve repair and the Ross procedure are widely used in children; however, it is unclear which provides the best outcomes.

Methods: Patients who underwent primary aortic valve surgery from 1980 to 2018 were included. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for baseline differences.

Class-Aware Fish Species Recognition Using Deep Learning for an Imbalanced Dataset.

Fish species recognition is crucial to identifying the abundance of fish species in a specific area, controlling production management, and monitoring the ecosystem, especially identifying the endangered species, which makes accurate fish species recognition essential. In this work, the fish species recognition problem is formulated as an object detection model to handle multiple fish in a single image, which is challenging to classify using a simple classification network. The proposed model consists of MobileNetv3-large and VGG16 backbone networks and an SSD detection head.

Determination of Patient Adherence for Duloxetine in Urine.

Duloxetine, known by its brand name, CymbaltaTM, is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat major depressive disorders. Determination of patient compliance for duloxetine is typically determined through medication possession ratio (MPR) or plasma concentrations. The purpose of this paper was to characterize normal urinary duloxetine concentrations in patients prescribed duloxetine to monitor patient adherence.

Accumulation of γδ T cells in visceral fat with aging promotes chronic inflammation.

Adipose tissue dysfunction is strongly linked to the development of chronic inflammation and cardiometabolic disorders in aging. While much attention has been given to the role of resident adipose tissue immune cells in the disruption of homeostasis in obesity, age-specific effects remain understudied. Here, we identified and characterized a population of γδ T cells, which show unique age-dependent accumulation in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of both mice and humans.

Structure Elucidation of Triterpenoid Saponins Found in an Immunoadjuvant Preparation of Using Mass Spectrometry and H and C NMR Spectroscopy.

An immunoadjuvant preparation (named Fraction B) was obtained from the aqueous extract of leaves, and further fractionated by consecutive separations with silica flash MPLC and reverse phase HPLC. Two compounds were isolated, and their structures elucidated using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. One of these compounds is a previously undescribed triterpene saponin (), which is an isomer of , the unique adjuvant saponin employed in human vaccines.

Vendor Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Food Safety in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.

Abstract: Foodborne diseases are a significant cause of illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Poor infrastructure, lack of regulatory oversight, and environmental conditions can increase food safety risks, particularly in traditional markets. Food vendors in traditional markets shoulder a heavy responsibility to keep food safe under often challenging conditions.

Long-term outcomes of primary aortic valve repair for isolated congenital aortic stenosis in children.

Objective: We aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of children with isolated congenital aortic stenosis who underwent primary aortic valve repair.

Methods: Records of all children (n = 111) with isolated congenital aortic stenosis who underwent primary aortic valve repair between 1980 and 2016 were reviewed. An optimal operative outcome consisted of a residual left ventricular outflow tract peak systolic gradient <35 mm Hg and trivial or less aortic insufficiency.

Outcomes of aortic valve repair in children resulting in bicuspid anatomy: Is there a need for tricuspidization?

Objective: We aimed to assess outcomes after aortic valve repair leading to bicuspid valve anatomy in children.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent aortic valve repair with creation/preservation of bicuspid aortic valve anatomy or tricuspidization of bicuspid valves between 1980 and 2016.

Results: Overall, 127 patients underwent bicuspid repair.

Comparison of homografts and bovine jugular vein conduits in the pulmonary position in patients <20 years of age.

Objective: To compare the performance of homografts and bovine jugular vein (BJV) conduits in the pulmonary position.

Methods: All patients with congenital heart disease up to age 20 years who underwent pulmonary valve replacement with homografts or BJV at 3 centers in Australia were evaluated. There were 674 conduits, with 305 (45%) pulmonary homografts (PHs), 303 (45%) BJV conduits, and 66 (10%) aortic homografts (AHs).

Validity of claims-based algorithms to identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

Purpose: To validate healthcare claim-based algorithms for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in children using medical records as the reference.

Methods: Using a clinical data warehouse of patients receiving outpatient or inpatient care at two hospitals in Boston, we identified children (≤14 years between 2010 and 2014) with at least one of the following NDDs according to claims-based algorithms: autism spectrum disorder/pervasive developmental disorder (ASD), attention deficit disorder/other hyperkinetic syndromes of childhood (ADHD), learning disability, speech/language disorder, developmental coordination disorder (DCD), intellectual disability, and behavioral disorder. Fifty cases per outcome were randomly sampled and their medical records were independently reviewed by two physicians to adjudicate the outcome presence.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Bruising in the premobile child.

A bruise in a premobile infant is an uncommon finding and often results in referral to the paediatric or emergency departments, acknowledging the potential for physical abuse in this vulnerable cohort. Our role as clinicians is to undertake a thorough assessment, consider potential differentials and organise appropriate investigations, with involvement of the wider multidisciplinary team. In this article, we use a case vignette to discuss how one would approach a bruise in the premobile infant including the evidence base.

Aortic valve repair in children without use of a patch.

Background: We aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of children in whom the aortic valve could be repaired without the use of patch material. We hypothesized that if the aortic valve is of sufficiently good quality to perform repair without patches, a durable repair could be achieved.

Methods: All children (n = 102) who underwent aortic valve repair without the use of a patch between 1980 and 2016 were reviewed.

Ross Procedures in Children With Previous Aortic Valve Surgery.

Background: The Ross procedure in children is performed either as a primary operation, or a secondary operation after initial aortic valve surgery.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine whether the outcomes of primary and secondary Ross procedure are similar.

Methods: All patients who underwent Ross procedure between 1995 and 2018 were included in the study.

Optimization Rules for SARS-CoV-2 M Antivirals: Ensemble Docking and Exploration of the Coronavirus Protease Active Site.

Coronaviruses are viral infections that have a significant ability to impact human health. Coronaviruses have produced two pandemics and one epidemic in the last two decades. The current pandemic has created a worldwide catastrophe threatening the lives of over 15 million as of July 2020.

Rapid and robust on-scene detection of cocaine in street samples using a handheld near-infrared spectrometer and machine learning algorithms.

On-scene drug detection is an increasingly significant challenge due to the fast-changing drug market as well as the risk of exposure to potent drug substances. Conventional colorimetric cocaine tests involve handling of the unknown material and are prone to false-positive reactions on common pharmaceuticals used as cutting agents. This study demonstrates the novel application of 740-1070 nm small-wavelength-range near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to confidently detect cocaine in case samples.

Ross Operation in Children: 23-Year Experience From a Single Institution.

Background: Data on the long-term outcomes in children after the Ross operation are limited. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes in children who underwent the Ross operation at a single institution.

Methods: The study reviewed all children (n = 140) who underwent the Ross operation at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia between 1995 and 2018.

Identification of Racial Inequities in Access to Specialized Inpatient Heart Failure Care at an Academic Medical Center.

Background: Racial inequities for patients with heart failure (HF) have been widely documented. HF patients who receive cardiology care during a hospital admission have better outcomes. It is unknown whether there are differences in admission to a cardiology or general medicine service by race.

DECA: scalable XHMM exome copy-number variant calling with ADAM and Apache Spark.

Background: XHMM is a widely used tool for copy-number variant (CNV) discovery from whole exome sequencing data but can require hours to days to run for large cohorts. A more scalable implementation would reduce the need for specialized computational resources and enable increased exploration of the configuration parameter space to obtain the best possible results.

Results: DECA is a horizontally scalable implementation of the XHMM algorithm using the ADAM framework and Apache Spark that incorporates novel algorithmic optimizations to eliminate unneeded computation.

Anesthesia Type Is Not Associated With Postoperative Complications in the Care of Patients With Lower Extremity Traumatic Fractures.

Background: Lower extremity fracture fixation is commonplace and represents the majority of orthopedic trauma surgical volume. Despite this, few studies have examined the use of regional anesthesia or neuraxial anesthesia (RA/NA) versus general anesthesia (GA) in this surgical population. We aimed to determine the overall rates of RA/NA use and whether RA/NA was associated with lower mortality and morbidity versus GA for patients with lower extremity orthopedic trauma.

Structural characterisation of new immunoadjuvant saponins from leaves and the first study of saponins from the bark of Quillaja brasiliensis by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry.

Introduction: Quillaja brasiliensis (St. A. -Hil.