Optical-Based Biosensors and Their Portable Healthcare Devices for Detecting and Monitoring Biomarkers in Body Fluids.

The detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids has been used to improve human healthcare activities for decades. In recent years, researchers have focused their attention on applying the point-of-care (POC) strategies into biomarker detection. The evolution of mobile technologies has allowed researchers to develop numerous portable medical devices that aim to deliver comparable results to clinical measurements.

Breast cancer incidence and early diagnosis in a family history risk and prevention clinic: 33-year experience in 14,311 women.

Purpose: Women at increased familial breast cancer risk have been offered screening starting at an earlier age and increased frequency than national Screening Programmes for over 30 years. There are limited data on longer-term largescale implementation of this approach on cancer diagnosis.

Methods: Women at our institution at ≥ 17% lifetime breast cancer risk have been offered enhanced screening with annual mammography starting at age 35 or 5-years younger than youngest affected relative, with upper age limit 50 for moderate and 60 for high-risk.

Controversial Areas in Axillary Staging: Are We Following the Guidelines?

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been the standard of care for clinically node-negative women with invasive breast cancer (IBC); however, there is less agreement on whether to perform SLNB when the risk of metastasis is low or when it does not affect survival or locoregional control.

Methods: An Institutional Review Board-approved survey was sent to members of the American Society of Breast Surgeons asking in which scenarios surgeons would recommend SLNB. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis were performed using SPSS software.

The intersection of intimate partner violence and childhood sexual abuse in mother-child dyads.

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) have been associated with negative consequences for adult victims and their children including a risk of revictimization and intergenerational continuity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to document correlates of intergenerational cumulative trauma profiles in mother-child dyads.

Participants And Setting: A sample of 997 sexually abused children (mean age = 7.

Arthroscopic Tenotomy of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon and Section of the Anterior Joint Capsule Produce Moderate Osteoarthritic Changes in an Experimental Sheep Model.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the glenohumeral (GH) joint is a common cause of shoulder pain, resulting in considerable invalidity. Unfortunately, the study of its pathogenesis is challenging. Models of OA are necessary to identify specific targets for therapy and to be able to interfere with the development and evolution of OA.

The effect of frequency of feedback on overground temporal gait asymmetry post stroke.

Background And Objectives: Temporal gait asymmetry (TGA) affects 55% of people with stroke. This study investigated the effects of augmented feedback during overground gait training, on TGA.

Methods: Eighteen people with chronic stroke were randomized to receive one of two feedback displays (A or B) and one of three feedback frequencies; no feedback (0%), after alternate walking trials (50%) or after every trial (100%).

The use of collimator angle optimization and jaw tracking for VMAT-based single-isocenter multiple-target stereotactic radiosurgery for up to six targets in the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system.

Purpose: Island blocking occurs in single-isocenter multiple-target (SIMT) stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) whenever targets share multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf pairs. This study investigated the effect on plan quality and delivery, of reducing island blocking through collimator angle optimization (CAO). In addition, the effect of jaw tracking in this context was also investigated.

The Controversy of Lateral Aberrant Thyroid and the use of BRAF Immunostain.

A 29-year-old women presents with primary intrathyroidal papillary thyroid carcinoma (BRAF VE1 positive) with morphologically recognizable metastases to cervical lymph nodes (BRAF VE1 positive) as well as a focus of bland-appearing thyroid follicles within the capsule of a level II lymph node (BRAF VE1 negative). There exist various theories regarding the possible developmental origins of "benign" intranodal thyroid tissue in the lateral neck. While the true nature of the bland follicles may not be definitively resolved in this case, these findings are suggestive that they do not represent metastasis from the main papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Effective variant filtering and expected candidate variant yield in studies of rare human disease.

In studies of families with rare disease, it is common to screen for de novo mutations, as well as recessive or dominant variants that explain the phenotype. However, the filtering strategies and software used to prioritize high-confidence variants vary from study to study. In an effort to establish recommendations for rare disease research, we explore effective guidelines for variant (SNP and INDEL) filtering and report the expected number of candidates for de novo dominant, recessive, and autosomal dominant modes of inheritance.

Systematic review of the costs for vaccinators to reach vaccination sites: Incremental costs of reaching hard-to-reach populations.

Introduction: Economic evidence on how much it may cost for vaccinators to reach populations is important to plan vaccination programs. Moreover, knowing the incremental costs to reach populations that have traditionally been undervaccinated, especially those hard-to-reach who are facing supply-side barriers to vaccination, is essential to expanding immunization coverage to these populations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify estimates of costs associated with getting vaccinators to all vaccination sites.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Screener for Intensifying Community Referrals for Health.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Screener for Intensifying Community Referrals for Health (SINCERE), a 10-item, low literacy screening tool developed to elicit social needs (e.g., transportation, housing) impacting patients' ability to engage in health-related activities.

Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes.

Purpose: Where multiple in silico tools are concordant, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) framework affords supporting evidence toward pathogenicity or benignity, equivalent to a likelihood ratio of ~2. However, limited availability of "clinical truth sets" and prior use in tool training limits their utility for evaluation of tool performance.

Methods: We created a truth set of 9,436 missense variants classified as deleterious or tolerated in clinically validated high-throughput functional assays for BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH2, PTEN, and TP53 to evaluate predictive performance for 44 recommended/commonly used in silico tools.

Promoting, seeking, and reaching vaccination services: A systematic review of costs to immunization programs, beneficiaries, and caregivers.

Introduction: Understanding the costs to increase vaccination demand among under-vaccinated populations, as well as costs incurred by beneficiaries and caregivers for reaching vaccination sites, is essential to improving vaccination coverage. However, there have not been systematic analyses documenting such costs for beneficiaries and caregivers seeking vaccination.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Immunization Delivery Cost Catalogue (IDCC) in 2019 for the costs for beneficiaries and caregivers to 1) seek and know how to access vaccination (i.

An Investigation of a (Vinylbenzyl) Trimethylammonium and -Vinylimidazole-Substituted Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene) Copolymer as an Anion-Exchange Membrane in a Lignin-Oxidising Electrolyser.

Electrolysis is seen as a promising route for the production of hydrogen from water, as part of a move to a wider "hydrogen economy". The electro-oxidation of renewable feedstocks offers an alternative anode couple to the (high-overpotential) electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction for developing low-voltage electrolysers. Meanwhile, the exploration of new membrane materials is also important in order to try and reduce the capital costs of electrolysers.

Large bilateral pulmonary arterial venous malformations treated with embolization and lingulectomy in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

A 76-year-old woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia presented to the emergency department with chest pain. Workup revealed multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) with large aneurysmal venous outflow. A collaborative approach between interventional radiology and thoracic surgery was used in the treatment of these PAVMs.

Serratus anterior plane versus paravertebral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia after non-mastectomy breast surgery: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.

Background: Paravertebral and serratus plane blocks are both used to treat pain following breast surgery. However, it remains unknown if the newer serratus block provides comparable analgesia to the decades-old paravertebral technique.

Methods: Subjects undergoing unilateral or bilateral non-mastectomy breast surgery were randomized to a single-injection serratus or paravertebral block in a subject-masked fashion (ropivacaine 0.

Mass food challenges in a vacant COVID-19 stepdown facility: Exceptional opportunity provides a model for the future.

Background: Internationally, the COVID-19 pandemic severely curtailed access to hospital facilities for those awaiting elective/semi-elective procedures. For allergic children in Ireland, already waiting up to 4 years for an elective oral food challenge (OFC), the restrictions signified indefinite delay. At the time of the initiative, there were approx 900 children on the Children's Health Ireland (CHI) waiting list.

Exploring experiences of COVID-19-positive individuals from social media posts.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the experience of individuals who claimed to be COVID-19 positive via their Twitter feeds.

Background: Public social media data are valuable to understanding people's experiences of public health phenomena. To improve care to those with COVID-19, this study explored themes from Twitter feeds, generated by individuals who self-identified as COVID-19 positive.

Clinical utility of testing for PALB2 and CHEK2 c.1100delC in breast and ovarian cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the contribution of PALB2 pathogenic gene variants (PGVs, PALB2_PGV) and the CHEK2 c.1100delC (CHEK2_1100delC) PGV to familial breast and ovarian cancer, and PALB2_PGV associated breast cancer pathology.

Methods: Outcomes of germline PALB2_PGV and CHEK2_1100delC testing were recorded in 3,127 women with histologically confirmed diagnoses of invasive breast cancer, carcinoma in situ, or epithelial nonmucinous ovarian cancer, and 1,567 female controls.

A kinematic model-based analysis framework for 3D Cine-DENSE-validation with an axially compressed gel phantom and application in sheep before and after antero-apical myocardial infarction.

Purpose: Myocardial strain is increasingly used to assess left ventricular (LV) function. Incorporation of LV deformation into finite element (FE) modeling environment with subsequent strain calculation will allow analysis to reach its full potential. We describe a new kinematic model-based analysis framework (KMAF) to calculate strain from 3D cine-DENSE (displacement encoding with stimulated echoes) MRI.

Using immunisation caregiver journey interviews to understand and optimise vaccination uptake: lessons from Sierra Leone.

Quantitative and qualitative assessments have revealed diverse factors that influence the uptake of childhood immunisation services and shed light on reasons for vaccination delays and refusals. UNICEF and partner organisations developed the Immunisation Caregiver Journey Framework as a novel way to understand caregiver experiences in accessing and receiving immunisation services for children. This framework aims to help immunisation programmes identify vaccination barriers and opportunities to improve vaccination uptake by enhancing the overall caregiver journey in a systems-focused manner, using human-centred design principles.

A systems map of the economic considerations for vaccination: Application to hard-to-reach populations.

Background: Understanding the economics of vaccination is essential to developing immunization strategies that can be employed successfully with limited resources, especially when vaccinating populations that are hard-to-reach.

Methods: Based on the input from interviews with 24 global experts on immunization economics, we developed a systems map of the mechanisms (i.e.