Wearable, noninvasive, pulsed shortwave (radiofrequency) therapy for postoperative analgesia: A randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled pilot study.

Background: Nonthermal, pulsed shortwave (radiofrequency) therapy (PSWT) is a nonpharmacologic, noninvasive modality that limited evidence suggests provides analgesia. Its potential favorable risk-benefit ratio stems from its lack of side effects and significant medical risks, applicability to any anatomic location, long treatment duration, and ease of application by simply affixing it with tape. Even with a relatively small treatment effect, PSWT might contribute to a multimodal analgesic regimen, similar to acetaminophen.

Preliminary Development and Validation of Automated Nociception Recognition Using Computer Vision in Perioperative Patients.

Background: Effective pain recognition and treatment in perioperative environments reduce length of stay and decrease risk of delirium and chronic pain. We sought to develop and validate preliminary computer vision-based approaches for nociception detection in hospitalized patients.

Methods: Prospective observational cohort study using red-green-blue camera detection of perioperative patients.

Pneumonectomy for Osteosarcoma Metastases: Two Compelling Cases With Unique Radiology.

Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone tumor in young individuals, frequently metastasizes hematogenously to the lungs, necessitating pulmonary metastasectomy as a common surgical procedure. While sublobar and lobar resections are accepted approaches, pneumonectomy is considered a major intervention. In this report, we present 2 intriguing cases of patients who underwent pneumonectomy for pulmonary osteosarcoma metastases, emphasizing the challenges of careful patient selection and surgical planning.

Investigation and Treatment of Infertility in a Female Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).

A zoo-based, 11-year-old, uniparous southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) failed to conceive after weaning a calf. Behavioral observation and fecal progestagen monitoring confirmed irregular estrous cycles. Serial transrectal reproductive ultrasound examination revealed the cause to be recurrent anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles (AHFs).

Evaluation of Integrated Child Health Days as a Catch-Up Strategy for Immunization in Three Districts in Uganda.

Uganda's Integrated Child Health Day (ICHD) initiative aims to improve children's access to vaccinations. Although widely used as a catch-up vaccination strategy, the effectiveness of the ICHD program in increasing immunization coverage, especially among vulnerable populations, has not been recently evaluated. This study assessed the reach and uptake of ICHD for immunizations in Uganda.

Integrated Approaches for the Delivery of Maternal and Child Health Services with Childhood Immunization Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review Update 2011-2020.

: The integration of maternal and child health services (MCH) with routine immunization is an important global health strategy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, evidence is lacking regarding the best practices for service integration and the effect of integration on immunization and linked health service outcomes. : We searched publication databases and gray literature for articles published between 2011 and 2020 that include approaches to integrating MCH services with immunizations during the first two years of life in LMICs.

Aerodigestoscopy (ADS): The Feasibility, Safety, and Comfort of a Comprehensive Procedure for the Evaluation of Physiological Disorders of the Aerodigestive Tract.

Limited access to the comprehensive assessment of disorders of the upper aerodigestive tract is a barrier to care in rural health facilities. Assessment of the full aerodigestive tract requires a variety of specialists. The inability to access the necessary specialists can result in misdiagnosis, underdiagnosis, and increased associated mortality.

Temperament Characteristics of Children in Residential Care and Perceived Acceptance/Rejection and Style of Discipline Used by Care Workers.

The ability to adapt interpersonal interactions to temperamental characteristics is essential for high-quality care. We analyzed how temperamental and self-regulation differences among children in residential care were related to the affective relationships and discipline styles of their caregivers. A total of 144 children aged 9-16 years (42.

Screening Criteria Evaluation for Expansion in Pulmonary Neoplasias (SCREEN) II.

Background: There is a need to expand eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening beyond age and smoking history. In this study, we sought to assess whether light-or-never-smokers and heavy smokers differ in molecular and immunologic markers based on conventional lung cancer screening criteria.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of lung cancer cases from 2005 to 2018 at a tertiary Canadian institution.

Global challenges and solutions to achieving and sustaining measles and rubella elimination.

Measles and rubella have long been recognized as priorities for disease prevention because of their devastating consequences for child health; hence, all World Health Organization (WHO) regions currently have a goal to eliminate measles and four out of six WHO regions have a goal to eliminate rubella. Significant global progress has been made in the twenty-first century, with more than 40% of countries in the world verified by a Regional Verification Commission as having eliminated measles and more than 50% of countries having sustained rubella elimination. Making further progress will require addressing fundamental gaps in health systems, a particular challenge in the current global context where many countries face multiple barriers to both sustaining and achieving measles and rubella elimination.

Trends in Firearm Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments by Individual- and County-Level Characteristics, 2019 to 2023.

Study Objective: To understand trends in nonfatal firearm injuries by examining rates of firearm injury emergency department (ED) visits stratified by individual- and county-level characteristics.

Methods: Data from participating EDs within 10 jurisdictions in the United States funded through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Firearm Injury Surveillance Through Emergency Rooms program, including the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia, were analyzed. We examined trends in firearm injury ED visits by sex, age group, jurisdiction, county-level urbanicity, and county-level social vulnerability from January 2019 to August 2023.

Genome size influences plant growth and biodiversity responses to nutrient fertilization in diverse grassland communities.

Experiments comparing diploids with polyploids and in single grassland sites show that nitrogen and/or phosphorus availability influences plant growth and community composition dependent on genome size; specifically, plants with larger genomes grow faster under nutrient enrichments relative to those with smaller genomes. However, it is unknown if these effects are specific to particular site localities with speciifc plant assemblages, climates, and historical contingencies. To determine the generality of genome size-dependent growth responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, we combined genome size and species abundance data from 27 coordinated grassland nutrient addition experiments in the Nutrient Network that occur in the Northern Hemisphere across a range of climates and grassland communities.

Pexidartinib and standard neoadjuvant therapy in the adaptively randomized I-SPY2 trial for early breast cancer.

Purpose: We investigated the small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase-inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor pexidartinib in the stage II/III breast cancer in the I-SPY2 platform trial.

Methods: I-SPY2 is an adaptive platform trial that features multiple arms of experimental agents administered on a background of standard neoadjuvant therapy with paclitaxel and adriamycin/cyclophosphamide, followed by definitive surgery. The adaptive randomization engine preferentially assigns patients based upon cumulative performance of each agent in a given breast cancer subtype based on hormone receptor and HER2 receptor status.

Application of Pan-Viral Metagenomic Sequencing on United States Air Force Academy Wastewater to Uncover Potential Causes of Acute Gastroenteritis.

Introduction: Wastewater surveillance is an important technique to monitor public health and is being studied extensively for pandemic prevention, force health protection and readiness, and as a potential early warning system for chem-bio defense. Wastewater surveillance has traditionally relied on techniques such as quantitative PCR or targeted sequencing, both of which are microbe- or disease-specific tools. Newer pan-viral metagenomics strategies may provide higher specificity for pathogens of interest, resulting in a lower false negative rate and reduced sequencing of undesired background nucleic acids.

Prediabetes is associated with elevated risk of clinical outcomes even without progression to diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Prediabetes (HbA 39-47 mmol/mol [5.7-6.4%] or fasting glucose 5.

Routine Vaccination Coverage - Worldwide, 2023.

In 2020, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030), a 10-year strategy to reduce vaccine-preventable disease (VPD)-associated morbidity and mortality. IA2030 goals include improving equitable vaccination coverage, halving the number of unimmunized (zero-dose) children, and increasing the introduction of new and underutilized vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health systems worldwide, hindering years of childhood vaccination achievements and putting global public health goals at risk.

Assessing Patient Readiness for Hospital Discharge, Discharge Communication, and Transitional Care Management.

Background: Discharge communication between hospitalists and primary care clinicians is essential to improve care coordination, minimize adverse events, and decrease unplanned health services use. Health-related social needs are key drivers of health, and hospitalists and primary care clinicians value communicating social needs at discharge.

Objective: To 1) characterize the current state of discharge communications between an academic medical center hospital and primary care clinicians at associated clinics; 2) seek feedback about the potential usefulness of discharge readiness information to primary care clinicians.

Antibody-Fab and -Fc features promote restriction.

the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of death by an infectious disease globally, with no efficacious vaccine. Antibodies are implicated in control, but the mechanisms of antibody action remain poorly understood. We assembled a library of TB monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and screened for the ability to restrict in mice, identifying protective antibodies targeting known and novel antigens.

Optimization of damping function parameters for -D3 and -D4 dispersion models for Hartree-Fock based symmetry-adapted perturbation theory.

Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) directly computes intermolecular interaction energy in terms of electrostatics, exchange-repulsion, induction/polarization, and London dispersion components. In SAPT based on Hartree-Fock ("SAPT0") or based on density functional theory, the most time-consuming step is the computation of the dispersion terms. Previous work has explored the replacement of these expensive dispersion terms with simple damped asymptotic models.

Datopotamab-deruxtecan plus durvalumab in early-stage breast cancer: the sequential multiple assignment randomized I-SPY2.2 phase 2 trial.

Sequential adaptive trial designs can help accomplish the goals of personalized medicine, optimizing outcomes and avoiding unnecessary toxicity. Here we describe the results of incorporating a promising antibody-drug conjugate, datopotamab-deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) in combination with programmed cell death-ligand 1 inhibitor, durvalumab, as the first sequence of therapy in the I-SPY2.2 phase 2 neoadjuvant sequential multiple assignment randomization trial for high-risk stage 2/3 breast cancer.

Datopotamab-deruxtecan in early-stage breast cancer: the sequential multiple assignment randomized I-SPY2.2 phase 2 trial.

Among the goals of patient-centric care are the advancement of effective personalized treatment, while minimizing toxicity. The phase 2 I-SPY2.2 trial uses a neoadjuvant sequential therapy approach in breast cancer to further these goals, testing promising new agents while optimizing individual outcomes.