Quantifying radiation exposure in the radiological investigation of non-arthritic hip pain.

Radiological investigations are essential for evaluating underlying structural abnormalities in patients presenting with non-arthritic hip pain. The aim of this study is to quantify the radiation exposure associated with common radiological investigations performed in assessing patients presenting with non-arthritic hip pain. A retrospective review of our institutional imaging database was performed.

Tuning a secondary dose verification software for a CT-guided online adaptive delivery system.

Background: Quality assurance (QA) remains unstandardized for CT-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (CTgART) platforms (Ethos, Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA), as they become more clinically prevalent. A secondary dose calculation software (Mobius3D, Varian Medical Systems, Inc.

Unlocking the potential of social media on food additives for effective science communication.

Ultra-processed foods dominate modern diets, often containing numerous additives to enhance flavor, texture, and shelf life. Concerns about the potential health risks of daily or excessive consumption have sparked online discussions. This study analyzed perceptions of food additives on Zhihu, a popular Chinese social platform.

Data protection legislation in Africa and pathways for enhancing compliance in big data health research.

Background: The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing.

Spatial distribution of antioxidant activity in baguette and its modulation of proinflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Baguette is a globally acclaimed bakery staple, composed by a crispy crust and soft crumb, both containing Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with potential bioactivities. However, MRPs' impacts on the nutritional and health attributes of baguette, particularly in terms of cellular and biological functions, are yet to be clearly elucidated. This study chemically characterizes the crust and crumb of baguettes and investigates the influence of the Maillard reaction on baguette's nutritional profile, especially in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Understanding stigma in the context of help-seeking for eating disorders.

Background: Stigma is a complex construct and its association with help-seeking among those experiencing eating disorders is not well understood. Rates of help-seeking are low for those with eating disorder symptoms and, therefore, determining the role of stigma and shame in this relationship is needed to help inform effective awareness campaigns aimed at improving prognostic outcomes. The current study examined the associations between perceived stigma, self-stigma, shame, and help-seeking behaviour in a community sample of individuals with elevated eating disorder symptoms.

Why are clams steamed with wine in Mediterranean cuisine?

Wine is renowned for its rich content of polyphenols, including resveratrol (Res), known for their health promoting properties. Steamed clam with wine, a popular Mediterranean delicacy that highlights the role of wine as a key ingredient. However, despite these benefits, resveratrol's low bioavailability poses challenges.

Prediction of Clonal Complexes from Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Patterns Using a Machine Learning Approach.

Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a molecular subtyping technique that remains useful for those without the resources to access whole genome sequencing for the tracking and tracing of bacterial contaminants. Unlike techniques such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, MLVA did not emerge as a standardized subtyping method for , and as a result, there is no reference database of virulent or food-associated MLVA subtypes as there is for MLST-based clonal complexes (CCs). Having previously shown the close congruence of a 5-loci MLVA scheme with MLST, a predictive model was created using the XGBoost machine learning (ML) technique, which enabled the prediction of CCs from MLVA patterns with ∼85% (±4%) accuracy.

Representing mutations for predicting cancer drug response.

Motivation: Predicting cancer drug response requires a comprehensive assessment of many mutations present across a tumor genome. While current drug response models generally use a binary mutated/unmutated indicator for each gene, not all mutations in a gene are equivalent.

Results: Here, we construct and evaluate a series of predictive models based on leading methods for quantitative mutation scoring.

DAF-16/FOXO and HLH-30/TFEB comprise a cooperative regulatory axis controlling tubular lysosome induction in C. elegans.

Although life expectancy has increased, longer lifespans do not always align with prolonged healthspans and, as a result, the occurrence of age-related degenerative diseases continues to increase. Thus, biomedical research has been shifting focus to strategies that enhance both lifespan and healthspan concurrently. Two major transcription factors that have been heavily studied in the context of aging and longevity are DAF-16/FOXO and HLH-30/TFEB; however, how these two factors coordinate to promote longevity is still not fully understood.

Iris atrophy following intracameral dexamethasone injection: a report of two pediatric cases.

We report 2 pediatric cases of iris atrophy that developed roughly 1 month after intracameral injection of dexamethasone suspension 9% following unilateral goniotomy and cataract extraction.

Exploring the needs and experiences of contact tracing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland.

Background: Contact tracing is a key component in controlling the spread of COVID-19, however little research has focused on learning from the experiences of contact tracing staff. Harnessing learning from those in this role can provide valuable insights into the process of contact tracing and how best to support staff in this crucial role.

Methods: Thematic analysis was used to analyse 47 semi-structured interviews conducted with contact tracing staff via telephone or Zoom at three time points in 2021: March, May and September-October.

Occlusion Pressures of Tactical Pneumatic Tourniquet 2".

Background: The Tactical Pneumatic Tournqiuet 2" (TPT2, 5.1cm-wide deflated) allows total average applied pressure measurement, which should be useful toward development of emergency-use limb tourniquet certification devices.

Methods: The TPT2 hand bulb was replaced with stopcocks and syringes, allowing filling with continuous pressure measurement.

Robotic trials in arthroplasty surgery.

Total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA) are largely successful procedures; however, both have variable outcomes, resulting in some patients being dissatisfied with the outcome. Surgeons are turning to technologies such as robotic-assisted surgery in an attempt to improve outcomes. Robust studies are needed to find out if these innovations are really benefitting patients.

Effects of Tourniquet Features on Application Processes Times.

Background: We investigated emergency-use limb tourniquet design features effects on application processes (companion paper) and times to complete those processes (this paper).

Methods: Sixty-four appliers watched training videos then each applied all eight tourniquets: Combat Application Tour- niquet Generation 7 (CAT7), SOF™ Tactical Tourniquet-Wide Generation 3 (SOFTTW3), SOF™ Tactical Tourniquet-Wide Generation 5 (SOFTTW5), Tactical Mechanical Tourniquet (TMT), OMNA Marine Tourniquet (OMT), X8T-Tourniquet (X8T), Tactical Ratcheting Medical Tourniquet (Tac RMT), and RapidStop Tourniquet (RST). Application processes times were captured from videos.

Effects of Tourniquet Features on Application Processes.

Background: We investigated emergency-use limb tourniquet design features effects on application processes (this paper) and times to complete those processes (companion paper).

Methods: Sixty-four appliers watched training videos and then each applied all eight tourniquets: Combat Application Tourniquet Generation 7 (CAT7), SOF™ Tactical Tourniquet-Wide Generation 3 (SOFTTW3), SOF™ Tactical Tourniquet-Wide Generation 5 (SOFTTW5), Tactical Mechanical Tourniquet (TMT), OMNA Marine Tourniquet (OMT), X8T tourniquet (X8T), Tactical Ratcheting Medical Tourniquet (Tac RMT), and RapidStop™ Tourniquet (RST). Application processes were scored from videos.

Birmingham Royal Orthopaedic Hospital (BROH) Femoral Offset-An Ancillary Measure of Adult Dysplasia of the Hip.

 Adult dysplasia of the hip (ADH) is a disorder of abnormal development of the hip joint resulting in a shallow acetabulum and uncovering of the femoral head. Several radiological measurements such as the Tönnis angle (acetabular index), lateral center edge angle of Wiberg, and cross-sectional imaging parameters exist to calculate hip dysplasia.  The aim of this article was to describe a new ancillary linear measure of ADH on cross-sectional imaging, the Birmingham Royal Orthopaedic Hospital (BROH) Femoral offset.

Desmosome mutations impact the tumor microenvironment to promote melanoma proliferation.

Desmosomes are transmembrane protein complexes that contribute to cell-cell adhesion in epithelia and other tissues. Here, we report the discovery of frequent genetic alterations in the desmosome in human cancers, with the strongest signal seen in cutaneous melanoma where desmosomes are mutated in >70% of cases. In primary but not metastatic melanoma biopsies, the burden of coding mutations in desmosome genes associates with a strong reduction in desmosome gene expression.

DECENT: A sociotechnical approach for developing mobile health apps in underserved settings.

Objective: Despite the fact that user engagement is critical to the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) interventions in the Global South, many of these interventions lack user engagement features. This is because sociotechnical aspects of such initiatives are frequently ignored during the design, development, and implementation stages. This research highlighted the importance of considering sociotechnical factors when developing mHealth apps.

Validating the Utility of Multilocus Variable Number Tandem-repeat Analysis (MLVA) as a Subtyping Strategy to Monitor Listeria monocytogenes In-built Food Processing Environments.

Listeria monocytogenes is a serious human pathogen and an enduring challenge to control for the ready-to-eat food processing industry. Cost-effective tools that can be deployed by commercial or in-house laboratories to rapidly investigate and resolve contamination events in the built food processing environment are of value to the food industry. Multilocus variable number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) is a molecular subtyping method, which along with other same-generation methods such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is being superseded in disease tracking and outbreak investigations by whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

The association of depression and anxiety with postoperative opioid use following total joint arthroplasty.

Background: The devastating opioid epidemic in the United States has been exacerbated by health care practices as well as underlying individual factors. Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed annually and patients frequently require opioids for pain control. Patient anxiety and depression has been shown to be associated with increased pain and poorer outcomes after TJA.

A model framework to communicate the risks associated with aflatoxins.

Risk communication is defined as the interactive exchange of information and opinions concerning risk, risk-related factors and risk perceptions amongst all the stakeholders of food safety throughout the risk analysis process. The interactive exchange of information occurs at three different levels i.e.

A familial natural short sleep mutation promotes healthy aging and extends lifespan in .

Sleep loss typically imposes negative effects on animal health. However, humans with a rare genetic mutation in the gene () present an exception; these individuals sleep less without the usual effects associated with sleep deprivation. Thus, it has been suggested that the mutation activates compensatory mechanisms that allows these individuals to thrive with less sleep.

Review of perioperative outcomes and management of hip fracture patients on direct oral anticoagulants.

Anticoagulation use is common in elderly patients presenting with hip fractures and has been shown to delay time to surgery (TTS). Delays in operative treatment have been associated with worse outcomes in hip fracture patients. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) comprise a steadily increasing proportion of all oral anticoagulation.