Directed polyvalent display of sulfated ligands on virus nanoparticles elicits heparin-like anticoagulant activity.

Heparin is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is widely used as an anticoagulant. It is typically extracted from porcine or bovine sources to yield a heterogeneous mixture that varies both in molecular weight and in degree of sulfation. This heterogeneity, coupled with concern for contamination, has led to widespread interest in developing safer alternatives.