Associations between mental health conditions in pregnancy and maternal socioeconomic status: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada.

Background: The World Health Organization has recognized maternal mental illness as an emerging issue. Previous studies have indicated that maternal mental illness is associated with socioeconomic status (SES). However, there is a lack of research concerning the mental health of pregnant people with low SES in Ontario, Canada.

Screening for diseases versus screening for health status.

Disease screening aims to identify individuals at risk for specific conditions. It is expected that an early detection allows for early intervention, with improved outcomes. However, large scale screening programs may not only have implications on resources, patient outcomes may not improve but may worsen if screening for the targeted disease has not been carefully designed and executed.

A Comprehensive Review of Topography and Axon Counts in Upper-Extremity Peripheral Nerves: A Guide for Neurotization.

Purpose: Currently, no comprehensive database detailing topography and axon counts exists. This study aims to review the axon counts and topography of the major peripheral motor nerves of the upper extremity to allow for optimal surgical planning for peripheral nerve reconstruction via neurotization.

Methods: Peer-reviewed journal articles were identified through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL.

Characterization of a novel SNP identified in Australian group A isolates derived from the M1 lineage.

Group A (GAS) is a human-adapted pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases. The GAS M1 lineage has contributed significantly to the recently reported increases in scarlet fever and invasive infections. However, the basis for its evolutionary success is not yet fully understood.

Epidemiology and Outcomes of Antibiotic De-escalation in Patients with Suspected Sepsis in US Hospitals.

Background: Little is known about the frequency, hospital-level variation, predictors, and clinical outcomes of antibiotic de-escalation in suspected sepsis.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all adults admitted to 236 US hospitals between 2017-2021 with suspected sepsis (defined by a blood culture draw, lactate measurement, and intravenous antibiotic administration) who were initially treated with ≥2 days of anti-MRSA and anti-pseudomonal antibiotics but had no resistant organisms requiring these agents identified through hospital day 4. De-escalation was defined as stopping anti-MRSA and anti-pseudomonal antibiotics or switching to narrower antibiotics by day 4.

Back to the Anatomy Lab to Redefine the Pulley System of the Thumb: Is There an A0 Pulley?

Background: There are various anatomical descriptions of the pulley system of the fingers and thumb. The A0 pulley, often referred to as palmar aponeurosis of the fingers, is of keen interest, especially regarding surgical release of the A1 pulley for trigger finger; however, there has been no anatomical description of the A0 pulley in the thumb.

Methods: Twenty-four cadaveric thumbs were dissected to expose the entire pulley system.

A Preliminary Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Δ-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Extract Versus Oromucosal Spray in Healthy Men and Women.

Few studies have directly compared the bioavailability of different cannabinoid formulations. Our goal was to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability of two Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol:cannabidiol (THC:CBD) formulations: orally administered THC:CBD extract and oromucosally administered nabiximols. This pilot crossover study counterbalanced (1) 1 mL of orally administered THC:CBD extract (10 mg/mL each of THC and CBD in grapeseed oil) and (2) oromucosally administered nabiximols (four sprays of 2.

Evaluation of treatment strategies for patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer in the immunotherapy era.

Background: Optimal treatment for patients with stage IIIA NSCLC is controversial. Growing evidence indicates surgery with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (SC) may be superior to non-surgical treatments. Direct comparisons have not been performed between SC and chemoradiation with immunotherapy (CRI) among patients diagnosed with stage IIIA NSCLC since consolidation immunotherapy was added to treatment guidelines.

Using plasma-activated water for decontamination of Salmonella spp. on common building surfaces in poultry houses.

Plasma-activated water (PAW) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties, making it a promising tool for surface decontamination. This study evaluated the ability of PAW generated from high voltage atmospheric cold plasma to remove Salmonella from common surfaces (stainless steel (SS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), concrete, and wood) found in poultry houses. PAW was generated by exposing distilled water to atmospheric cold plasma in 80% humid air at 90 kV and 60 Hz for 30 min.

Hall effect thruster impedance characterization in ground-based vacuum test facilities.

Hall effect thrusters (HETs) are typically regarded as DC electric propulsion devices as they are operated with isolated DC power supplies. However, it is well known that the HET's discharge current possesses oscillations of varying magnitudes and frequencies and is thus a function of time with AC characteristics. The observed oscillations are caused by plasma processes associated with ion, electron, and neutral particle dynamics that occur inside the HET's discharge channel and in the plume as the HET electrically interacts with its local operating environment.

Autologous mitochondrial transplant for acute cerebral ischemia: Phase 1 trial results and review.

The results of a Phase 1 trial of autologous mitochondrial transplantation for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke during mechanical thrombectomy are presented. Standardized methods were used to isolate viable autologous mitochondria in the acute clinical setting, allowing for timely transplantation within the ischemic window. No significant adverse events were observed with the endovascular approach during reperfusion therapy.

Selective Electrocatalytic Production of Formic Acid from Plastic Waste Using a Nickel Metal-Organic Framework Constructed from a Biomass-Derived Ligand.

A novel nickel-based metal organic framework (MOF) [Ni(FDC)(CHOH)(HO)](HO) (UOW-6) utilizing biomass-derived 2,5-furan dicarboxylate (FDC) as a ligand is reported as an electrocatalyst for anodic ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation with cathodic hydrogen evolution. The MOF structure was analyzed using single crystal X-ray-diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermodiffractometry, to establish its structure and verify phase purity. The material was dropcast on carbon fiber paper as a catalyst, and by using a three-electrode system, UOW-6 requires only 1.

Two-Way Randomized Crossover Study to Establish Pharmacodynamic Bioequivalence Between Oxylanthanum Carbonate and Lanthanum Carbonate.

Purpose: Phosphate binders (PB) are integral to hyperphosphatemia management in patients with end-stage kidney disease. PB efficacy is adversely affected by nonadherence and limited phosphate-binding capacity relative to dietary intake. Oxylanthanum carbonate is an investigational novel nanotechnology product that combines lanthanum, which has the highest binding capacity of available PBs, with a smaller pill size that is swallowed with water rather than chewed.

C Stable Isotope Tracing Reveals Distinct Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathways in Proliferative vs. Oxidative Cells.

The TCA cycle serves as a central hub to balance catabolic and anabolic needs of the cell, where carbon moieties can either contribute to oxidative metabolism or support biosynthetic reactions. This differential TCA cycle engagement for glucose-derived carbon has been extensively studied in cultured cells, but the fate of fatty acid (FA)-derived carbons is poorly understood. To fill the knowledge gap, we have developed a strategy to culture cells with long-chain FAs without altering cell viability.

Clinical Snapshot of Group A Streptococcal Isolates from an Australian Tertiary Hospital.

(Group A , GAS) is a human-restricted pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases from pharyngitis and scarlet fever to more severe, invasive infections such as necrotising fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. There has been a global increase in both scarlet fever and invasive infections during the COVID-19 post-pandemic period. The aim of this study was the molecular characterisation of 17 invasive and non-invasive clinical non-1 GAS isolates from an Australian tertiary hospital collected between 2021 and 2022.

Assessing the role of redox carriers in the reduction of CO by the oxo-acid: ferredoxin oxidoreductase superfamily.

The oxo-acid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (OFOR) superfamily of enzymes are responsible for the reversible interconversion of CO and oxo-acids, using CoA-derivatives as co-substrates, and requiring redox equivalents in the form of a soluble redox-carrier protein ferredoxin (Fd). Ultimately, these enzymes are responsible for the reduction of CO to form pyruvate (in the case of PFOR) and oxo-glutarate (in the case of OGOR), by the reductive carboxylation reaction of acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, respectively. The nature and kind of Fd that is the best redox-carrier to support the reductive reaction has been poorly studied to date.

"I'm standing next to him, I'm supporting him"-Supporting a loved one with brain cancer to donate their brain: A qualitative study.

Background: Brain cancer is a devastating and incurable disease that places a high burden of care on next of kin (NOK). NOK can play a core role in supporting end-of-life planning, including the decision to donate one's brain after death. Postmortem brain donation is crucial to research.

Deciphering temporal gene expression dynamics during epilepsy development using a rat model of focal neocortical epilepsy.

Objective: Epilepsy involves significant changes in neural cells during epileptogenesis. Although the molecular mechanism of epileptogenesis remains obscure, changes in gene regulation play a crucial role in the evolution of epilepsy. This study aimed to compare changes in a subset of specific genes during epilepsy development, focusing on the period after the first spontaneous seizure, to identify critical time windows for targeting different regulators.

Parental expectations of residential immersive life skills programs for youth with disabilities and their perception of youth changes.

Purpose: This study explored parents' expectations before their youth with a disability attended a Residential Immersive Life Skills (RILS) program, and perceptions of youth change over the following 12 months. Understanding expectations is important because parents play a key role in shaping their youth's ongoing development and future hopes when they return home.

Methods: A secondary analysis of qualitative interviews with 13 parents was conducted using a recurrent cross-sectional analysis approach at three time-points: before youth attended a RILS program, and three and 12 months post-program.

Risk related to gestational weight loss among individuals with obesity: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: There is no clear evidence on the risk of gestational weight loss (GWL) for individuals with obesity. Our study aimed to assess the association between GWL and adverse perinatal outcomes among individuals with obesity.

Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study examined individuals with prepregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m who had a singleton pregnancy, using Ontario, Canada, birth registry data from 2012 to 2020.