Strategies to Reduce Perioperative Nephrotoxicity.

Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of surgery that is associated with significant adverse outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality. The perioperative burden of AKI risk factors is complex and potentially large, including high-risk nephrotoxic medications, hypotension, hypovolemia, radiologic contrast, anemia, and surgery-specific factors. Understanding the pathogenesis, risk factors, and potential cumulative impact of perioperative nephrotoxic exposures is particularly important in the prevention and reduction of perioperative AKI.

Not part of my routine: a qualitative study of use and understanding of UV forecast information and the SunSmart app.

Background: The Ultraviolet (UV) Index provides a reliable means of monitoring the strength of UV radiation at the Earth's surface, which can be used to indicate the potential for skin damage. This qualitative study aims to examine public understanding of the UV Index among Australians who routinely use UV forecast information as well as those who do not.

Methods: Recent use of the SunSmart app (a popular mobile and tablet app that provides UV forecast information) served as a proxy for use of UV forecast information.

Absence of Pharmacokinetic Interactions between the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Fenebrutinib and Methotrexate.

Fenebrutinib (GDC-0853) is an orally administered small molecule inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase being investigated for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with inadequate responses to methotrexate (MTX). This study interrogated the potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions between fenebrutinib and MTX. Eighteen healthy male subjects were enrolled in the study.

Comprehensive Cost Analysis of First Step Next for Preschoolers with Disruptive Behavior Disorder: Using Real-World Intervention Data to Estimate Costs at Scale.

While the long-term societal costs for youth with disruptive behavior disorders are well documented, there is a dearth of information about the comprehensive costs of implementing even the most well-regarded early intervention programs, and the costs of scaling effective interventions are even less well understood. This study estimated the costs of delivering and disseminating First Step Next (FSN), an established tier two school-based early intervention, in preschool and kindergarten settings, including the training and ongoing technical assistance that support sustained, high-quality implementation. Using the Ingredients Method, we estimated (a) the per student costs of implementation, (b) the incremental cost of offering FSN to an additional student, and (c) the cost to disseminate FSN to 40 preschool and kindergarten students, including a sensitivity analysis to examine potential areas of cost savings.

Trauma Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Aggression Among Civilian Females.

Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have evinced ties to increased risk for aggressive behavior. However, very little information is known regarding the relations between trauma exposure, PTSD, and aggression among non-veteran women. Furthermore, research has not examined the associations between trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and aggression using the (5th ed.

Whole genome sequencing of amplified Plasmodium knowlesi DNA from unprocessed blood reveals genetic exchange events between Malaysian Peninsular and Borneo subpopulations.

The zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi parasite is the most common cause of human malaria in Malaysia. Genetic analysis has shown that the parasites are divided into three subpopulations according to their geographic origin (Peninsular or Borneo) and, in Borneo, their macaque host (Macaca fascicularis or M. nemestrina).

Teacher perceptions of sun protection practices in the secondary school setting: Barriers, enablers and recommendations for future.

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to explore sun protection barriers and enablers in secondary schools in Victoria.

Methods: Five focus groups were conducted with nominated Health or Physical Education (PE) Coordinators (or other staff representatives) from schools in metropolitan and regional Victoria. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded thematically.

Systems Analyses Reveal the Resilience of Escherichia coli Physiology during Accumulation and Export of the Nonnative Organic Acid Citramalate.

Productivity of bacterial cell factories is frequently compromised by stresses imposed by recombinant protein synthesis and carbon-to-product conversion, but little is known about these bioprocesses at a systems level. Production of the unnatural metabolite citramalate in requires the expression of a single gene coding for citramalate synthase. Multiomic analyses of a fermentation producing 25  g liter citramalate were undertaken to uncover the reasons for its productivity.

Patient Satisfaction in Surgery for Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

The objective of the study was to establish how patient satisfaction with surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been previously measured, determine whether an ideal patient satisfaction instrument exists, and to define the dimensions of care that determine patient satisfaction with the surgical treatment of PD. A systematic search of four online databases, unpublished sources, and citations was undertaken to identify 15 studies reporting patient satisfaction with the surgical treatment of PD. Manuscripts were reviewed and instruments were categorized by content and method axes.

Synthesis and Characterization of a High Flux Nanocellulose-Cellulose Acetate Nanocomposite Membrane.

Despite the advantages of membrane processes, their high energy requirement remains a major challenge. Fabrication of nanocomposite membranes by incorporating various nanomaterials in the polymer matrix has shown promise for enhancing membrane flux. In this study, we embed functionalized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with high aspect ratios in the polymer matrix to create hydrophilic nanochannels that reduce membrane resistance and facilitate the facile transport of water molecules through the membrane.

Reoperation for device infection and erosion following deep brain stimulation implantable pulse generator placement.

Objective: Infection and erosion following implantable pulse generator (IPG) placement are associated with morbidity and cost for patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems. Here, the authors provide a detailed characterization of infection and erosion events in a large cohort that underwent DBS surgery for movement disorders.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive IPG placements and replacements in patients who had undergone DBS surgery for movement disorders at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 2013 and 2016.

A four-group urine risk classifier for predicting outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.

Objectives: To develop a risk classifier using urine-derived extracellular vesicle (EV)-RNA capable of providing diagnostic information on disease status prior to biopsy, and prognostic information for men on active surveillance (AS).

Patients And Methods: Post-digital rectal examination urine-derived EV-RNA expression profiles (n = 535, multiple centres) were interrogated with a curated NanoString panel. A LASSO-based continuation ratio model was built to generate four prostate urine risk (PUR) signatures for predicting the probability of normal tissue (PUR-1), D'Amico low-risk (PUR-2), intermediate-risk (PUR-3), and high-risk (PUR-4) prostate cancer.

Vaginal progesterone is associated with decreased group B streptococcus colonisation at term: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether women using intravaginal progesterone suppositories for preterm birth prevention during pregnancy will have lower rates of group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation at term, compared with women receiving intramuscular 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate.

Design: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of women who were prescribed a progestogen during their pregnancy for preterm birth prevention, and who delivered at term.

Setting: A tertiary referral hospital in central Ohio.

Nivolumab and immune-mediated colitis.

Nivolumab is associated with a number of immune-regulated adverse events, including immune-mediated colitis and may present following the discontinuation of treatment. Current guidance suggests lower doses of methylprednisolone; however, we described faster resolution of the patient's symptoms compared to previous reported cases, using higher dosing, thereby minimizing hospitalization.

Neural mechanisms of internal distraction suppression in visual attention.

When performing a demanding cognitive task, internal distraction in the form of task-irrelevant thoughts and mind wandering can shift our attention away from the task, negatively affecting task performance. Behaviorally, individuals with higher executive function indexed by higher working memory capacity (WMC) exhibit less mind wandering during cognitive tasks, but the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. To address this problem, we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from subjects performing a cued visual attention task, and assessed their WMC in a separate experiment.

State of the Science: A Scoping Review and Gap Analysis of Diabetes Online Communities.

Background: Individuals with diabetes are using online resources to engage in diabetes online communities to find diabetes-related support and information. The benefits and consequences of DOC (diabetes online community) use are unclear. This scoping review aims to map existing research focused on organic DOCs in which individuals affected by diabetes are interacting with peers.

Cortical Activation Elicited by Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Predicts Postoperative Motor Side Effects.

Objective: Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for movement disorders, improvement varies substantially in individuals, across clinical trials, and over time. Noninvasive biomarkers that predict the individual response to DBS could be used to optimize outcomes and drive technological innovation in neuromodulation. We sought to evaluate whether noninvasive event related potentials elicited by subthalamic DBS during surgical targeting predict the tolerability of a given stimulation site in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.

Awake Testing during Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery Predicts Postoperative Stimulation Side Effect Thresholds.

Despite substantial experience with deep brain stimulation for movement disorders and recent interest in electrode targeting under general anesthesia, little is known about whether awake macrostimulation during electrode targeting predicts postoperative side effects from stimulation. We hypothesized that intraoperative awake macrostimulation with the newly implanted DBS lead predicts dose-limiting side effects during device activation in clinic. We reviewed 384 electrode implants for movement disorders, characterized the presence or absence of stimulus amplitude thresholds for dose-limiting DBS side effects during surgery, and measured their predictive value for side effects during device activation in clinic with odds ratios ±95% confidence intervals.

Critical fluctuations in the spin-orbit Mott insulator SrIrO.

X-ray magnetic critical scattering measurements and specific heat measurements were performed on the perovskite iridate [Formula: see text]. We find that the magnetic interactions close to the Néel temperature [Formula: see text] are three-dimensional. This contrasts with previous studies which suggest two-dimensional behaviour like SrIrO.

The effect of particle size, morphology and support on the formation of palladium hydride in commercial catalysts.

The relative amounts of hydrogen retained by a range of supported palladium catalysts have been investigated by a combination of electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques, including incoherent inelastic neutron scattering. Contrary to expectation, the hydrogen capacity is not determined solely by the metal particle size, but it is a complex interaction between the particle size and its state of aggregation. The nature of the support is not only integral to the amount of hydrogen held by the catalyst, it also causes a marked difference in the rate of release of stored hydrogen from palladium.

A Study on the Feasibility of the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Electrode Localization Based on Scalp Electric Potential Recordings.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for patients disabling motor symptoms from Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and other motor disorders. Precise, individualized placement of DBS electrodes is a key contributor to clinical outcomes following surgery. Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to identify the sources of intracerebral signals from the potential on the scalp.

Genome-wide association analyses of invasive pneumococcal isolates identify a missense bacterial mutation associated with meningitis.

Bacterial mutations predisposing pneumococcus to causing meningitis, a more severe form of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), are largely unknown. Knowledge of such mutations may improve our understanding of pathogenesis and inform preventive strategies. Here we report a pneumococcal pbp1b gene mutation (pbp1bA641C causing N214T change in PBP1b transglycosylase domain) that is associated with meningitis in an exploratory cohort of IPD patients (n = 2054, p = 6.

Adsorption of microcystin-LR onto kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite.

In this study, microcystin-LR (MCLR) interactions with three representative silicate clays were studied using equilibrium batch experiments in order to provide insight into the role of clays on determining MCLR fate. The three tested clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite), saturated with sodium or calcium ions, were equilibrated with MCLR across a range of toxin concentrations at pH 5, 7 or 9. The results were fit to Freundlich and linear isotherm models, with the linear isotherm fits deemed most appropriate.

A Population-Based Descriptive Atlas of Invasive Pneumococcal Strains Recovered Within the U.S. During 2015-2016.

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has greatly decreased since implementation in the U.S. of the 7 valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2000 and 13 valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2010.

Correction to: Application of a Novel 'Make and Test in Parallel' Strategy to Investigate the Effect of Formulation on the Pharmacokinetics of GDC-0810 in Healthy Subjects.

The Publisher regrets the typesetting mistake of retaining incorrect text in the Figure 1 caption. The correct text for the caption is "Molecular Structure of GDC-0810 NMG Salt". The original article has been corrected.