Youth Baseball Caregiver Understanding of Safe Pitching Guidelines and Player Injury.

Background: As more athletes participate in youth baseball, there has been an associated increase in upper extremity injuries. Knowledge of baseball injury prevention guidelines continues to be developed and defined as throwing-related injuries rise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how knowledgeable youth baseball caregivers were about safe pitching guidelines and secondarily determine pitching practices which may be associated with increased risk of player injury.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) - biomarkers of oxidative stress and methylation and transsulfuration cycle.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects people from all regions of the globe, regardless of nationality, living standards or social group. Currently, it is assumed that ASD pathogenesis is multifactorial because there is no one specific cause of the disorder. According to literature, ASD may result from genetic defects, metabolic disorders or exposure to environmental factors.

Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after total hip arthroplasty.

Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is a rare but devastating condition. Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common cause with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy being the most common subtype that follows a monophasic course and does not recur. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy occurs when symptoms persist for greater than 8 weeks.

Phloridzin, an Apple Polyphenol, Exerted Unfavorable Effects on Bone and Muscle in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats.

It is believed that apple fruits contain components with health-promoting effects, including some antidiabetic activity. One of the most known apple compounds is phloridzin, a glucoside of phloretin. Phloridzin and phloretin were reported to exert some favorable skeletal effects in estrogen-deficient rats and mice.

Safety and side-effect profile of intrathecal morphine in a diverse patient population undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasty.

Intrathecal morphine (ITM) can be useful for postoperative analgesia following lower extremity joint arthroplasty, but concerns exist regarding potential dose-related side effects. In this study, we examined the safety and efficacy of ITM in patients undergoing lower extremity joint arthroplasty. We hypothesized that there would be (1) direct relationship between dosing and side effects, and (2) an inverse relationship between ITM dosing and 24-hour postoperative opioid requirement.

Association of rapidly destructive osteoarthritis of the hip with intra-articular steroid injections.

Background: To assess the relationship between rapidly destructive osteoarthritis (RDOA) of the hip and intra-articular steroid injections.

Methods: Coding records from 2000 to 2013 were used to identify all subjects who had a fluoroscopy-guided intra-articular hip injection to treat pain associated with primary osteoarthritis. Radiographic measurements from preinjection and postinjection imaging were evaluated with Luquesne's classification of RDOA to determine diagnosis (greater than 50% joint space narrowing or greater than 2 mm of cartilage loss in 1 year with no other forms of destructive arthropathy).

Minimally invasive surgical technique for tethered surgical drains.

A feared complication of temporary surgical drain placement is from the technical error of accidentally suturing the surgical drain into the wound. Postoperative discovery of a tethered drain can frequently necessitate return to the operating room if it cannot be successfully removed with nonoperative techniques. Formal wound exploration increases anesthesia and infection risk as well as cost and is best avoided if possible.

The Effect of Prophylactic Cerclage Wires in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Study.

Background: Despite literature to support the use of various cerclage techniques to address intraoperative femoral fractures in total hip arthroplasty, there are limited data to support prophylactic cerclage wiring of the femur during cementless implant placement. This study aims to evaluate the effect of prophylactic calcar cerclage wires on the biomechanical parameters required to produce periprosthetic femoral fractures and on the morphology of these fracture patterns in stable cementless femoral implants.

Methods: Ten pairs of matched fresh frozen cadaveric femurs were implanted with anatomic tapered cementless implants with or without the addition of 2 monofilament calcar wires.

Surgical Treatment of Prosthetic Joint Infections of the Hip and Knee: Changing Paradigms?

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip and knee remains one of the most common and feared arthroplasty complications. The impact and cost of PJI is significant, both to the patient and to the health care system. Recent reports of results of different treatment strategies have led many surgeons to modify their approach to management of PJI.

[Non-smokers about smokers].

Although the knowledge that smoking is a health hazard is widely accessible, this addiction remains serious social problem among young generation. It poses a great challenge to therapists, economic consequences impair both national and family budgets and that is a reason why governments and publicly-founded institutions promote anti-nicotine behaviours. But still rate of young smokers is very high.

Protective effect of post-ischemic treatment with trans-resveratrol on cytokine production and neutrophil recruitment by rat liver.

Oxidative and inflammatory processes are elicited during hepatic post-ischemic reperfusion and generate liver damage. This study investigated the early anti-inflammatory effect of trans-resveratrol (T-res) and its consequences on the late self-aggravating inflammatory process in liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Partial hepatic ischemia was initiated in rats for 1 h and T-res (0.

Characterization of a cell surface protein of Clostridium difficile with adhesive properties.

Our laboratory has previously shown that Clostridium difficile adherence to cultured cells is enhanced after heat shock at 60 degrees C and that it is mediated by a proteinaceous surface component. The present study was undertaken to identify the surface molecules of this bacterium that could play a role in its adherence to the intestine. The cwp66 gene, encoding a cell surface-associated protein of C.

Clostridium difficile cell attachment is modified by environmental factors.

Adherence of Clostridium difficile to Vero cells under anaerobic conditions was increased by a high sodium concentration, calcium-rich medium, an acidic pH, and iron starvation. The level of adhesion of nontoxigenic strains was comparable to that of toxigenic strains. Depending on the bacterial culture conditions, Vero cells could bind to one, two, or three bacterial surface proteins with molecular masses of 70, 50, and 40 kDa.