Virtual Endoscopy to Plan Transtympanic Approach to Labyrinthine Windows.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the position and the accessibility of labyrinthine windows through the external auditory canal (EAC) by virtual endoscopy based on computed tomographic scan images.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Navigation-guided transmodiolar approach for auditory nerve implantation via the middle ear in humans.

The aim of this study was to assess the surgical feasibility of a transmodiolar approach via the middle ear cavity for an auditory nerve implantation in humans. In the first part of the study, 6 adult human temporal bones underwent a navigator-guided transmodiolar implantation via the middle ear space after a radical mastoidectomy. In the second part, 122 temporal bone CT scans were analyzed for anatomical parameters relevant to this approach.