Biosynthesis and one-step enrichment process of potentially prebiotic cello-oligosaccharides produced by β-glucosidase from Fusarium solani.

Cello-oligosaccharides (COS) become a new type of functional oligosaccharides. COS transglycosylation reactions were studied to enhance COS yield production. Seeking the ability of the free form of Fusarium solani β-glucosidase (FBgl1) to synthesize COS under low substrate concentrations, we found out that this biocatalyst initiates this reaction with only 1 g/L of cellobiose, giving rise to the formation of cellotriose.

Causal Enzymology and Physiological Aspects May Be Accountable to Membrane Integrity in Response to Salt Stress in Lines.

Apart from their significance in the protection against stress conditions, the plant cell membranes are essential for proper development of the diverse surface structures formed on aerial plant organs. In addition, we signal that membrane remodeling and integrity are function of some of causal physiological and enzymological aspects such as the MDA, the ion leakage and also the monitoring of some phytozymes involved in lipid and cellulose metabolisms. Those last ones are related to the membrane structure (lipases and cellulases), that were assessed in durum wheat dehydrin transgenic context (YS, K-K, DH2, and DH4), proline metabolic mutant (P5CS) per comparison with the wild-type plant (Wt).

Potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Citrus aurantium essential oil against carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatotoxicity: A biochemical, molecular and histopathological changes in adult rats.

The present study aimed (1) to investigate the chemical composition as well as the anti-inflammatory properties and in vitro antioxidant activity of Citrus aurantium peel essential oil (pEOCa) and (2) to evaluate its potential effect in vivo. The main results showed that the major components of pEOCa are Limonene and Linalool. Additionally, DPPH scavenging ability and β-carotene bleaching inhibition tests confirmed the antioxidant capacity of pEOCa.

A stress-associated protein, LmSAP, from the halophyte Lobularia maritima provides tolerance to heavy metals in tobacco through increased ROS scavenging and metal detoxification processes.

Agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals is a severe global ecological problem. We recently showed that overexpression of LmSAP, a member of the stress-associated protein (SAP) gene family isolated from Lobularia maritima, in transgenic tobacco led to enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress. In this study, we characterised the response of LmSAP transgenic tobacco plants to metal stresses (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)).

Antioxidant and hepato-preventive effect of extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and characterisation of its bioactive compounds by HPLC-MS.

The objective of this study is to explore the preventive effects of ethyl acetate fraction from leaf extract (EACA), associated with its phytochemical content, against the toxic impacts of acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl) in the liver of adult rats. HPLC analysis of ethyl acetate fraction from extract revealed eight compounds. Administration of a single dose of CCl caused hepatoxicity as monitored by an increase in lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and in protein carbonyl level but a decrease in antioxidant markers in the liver tissue.

Apigenin isolated from encodes Human and S2 α-amylase inhibitions: credible approach for antifungal and antidiabetic therapies.

extract was analyzed by reverse phase HPLC for characterization. Among phenolic compounds identified, apigenin was observed to be present. The finding showed an inhibitory effect of apigenin towards Human and S2 α-amylases.

The LmSAP gene isolated from the halotolerant Lobularia maritima improves salt and ionic tolerance in transgenic tobacco lines.

The A20/AN1 zinc-finger domain-containing proteins of the stress-associated proteins (SAPs) family are fast emerging as potential candidates for biotechnological approaches to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants. We identified LmSAP, one of the SAPs genes in Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.

Effect of Agave americana L. on the human, and Aspergillus oryzae S2 α-amylase inhibitions.

Among phenolic compounds, Agave americana L. extract contained puerarin (38.4%) and p-coumaric acid (12.

Trans-glycosylation capacity of a highly glycosylated multi-specific β-glucosidase from Fusarium solani.

An extracellular β-glucosidase from Fusaruim solani cultivated on wheat bran was purified by only two chromatographic steps. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal temperature and pH at 60 °C and pH 5, respectively. The purified β-glucosidase behaves as a very large protein due to its high degree of glycosylation.

Fast activated charcoal prepurification of Fusarium solani β-glucosidase for an efficient oleuropein bioconversion.

Fungal β-glucosidases were extensively studied regarding their various potential biotechnology applications. Here, we report the selection of Fusarium solani strain producing high yield of β-glucosidase activity. The effect of some factors on β-glucosidase production was studied including: Initial pH, medium composition, concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources, and particle size of raw substrates.

Responses of transgenic Arabidopsis plants and recombinant yeast cells expressing a novel durum wheat manganese superoxide dismutase TdMnSOD to various abiotic stresses.

In plant cells, the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) plays an elusive role in the response to oxidative stress. In this study, we describe the isolation and functional characterization of a novel Mn-SOD from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp.

Role of the durum wheat dehydrin in the function of proteases conferring salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines.

Dehydrins are claimed to stabilize macromolecules against freezing damage, dehydration, ionic or osmotic stresses, thermal stress and re-folding yield. However, their precise function remains unknown. In this context, we report the behavior of protease activities in dehydrin transgenic Arabidopsis lines against the wild type plant under salt stress (100mM NaCl).

Durum wheat dehydrin (DHN-5) confers salinity tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis plants through the regulation of proline metabolism and ROS scavenging system.

The wheat dehydrin (DHN-5) gives birth to salinity tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis plants by the regulation of proline metabolism and the ROS scavenging system. Dehydrins (DHNs) are involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we reported that salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing durum wheat dehydrin (DHN-5) was closely related to the activation of the proline metabolism enzyme (P5CS) and some antioxidant biocatalysts.

Bridging Between Proline Structure, Functions, Metabolism, and Involvement in Organism Physiology.

Much is now known about proline multifunctionality and metabolism; some aspects of its biological functions are still unclear. Here, we discuss some cases in the proline, structure, definition, metabolism, compartmentalization, accumulation, plausible functions and also its implication in homeostasis and organism physiology. Indeed, we report the role of proline in cellular homeostasis, including redox balance and energy status and their implication as biocatalyst for aldolase activity.

A wheat lipid transfer protein (TdLTP4) promotes tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are members of the family of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-14) that are believed to be involved in plant defense responses. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel gene TdLTP4 encoding an LTP protein from durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp.

Wheat dehydrin K-segments ensure bacterial stress tolerance, antiaggregation and antimicrobial effects.

Dehydrins are a group of plant proteins that have been shown to be involved in the tolerance of various abiotic stresses such as dehydration, salinity, and low temperature. We have previously shown that the K-segments of the wheat dehydrin DHN-5 are essential for the protection of enzyme activities in vitro. In this study, we further investigate the role of the K-segments in the growth of Escherichia coli under various stresses, and we tested their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Comparative functional analysis of two wheat Na(+)/H (+) antiporter SOS1 promoters in Arabidopsis thaliana under various stress conditions.

The bread wheat TaSOS1 has been previously shown to be induced by salt stress treatment. To further investigate the regulation of the TaSOS1 gene, the two genomic fragments Pr SOS1-AB and Pr SOS1-D have been isolated and sequenced. Pr SOS1-AB and Pr SOS1-D are the promoter regions of SOS1 alleles, which are localised on genomes A and/or B, and on genome D, respectively.

Medium initial pH and carbon source stimulate differential alkaline cellulase time course production in Stachybotrys microspora.

The production profile of cellulases of the mutant strain A19 from the filamentous fungus Stachybotrys microspora was studied in the presence of various carbon sources (glucose, lactose, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and wheat bran) and a range of medium initial pH (5, 7, and 8). Two extracellular cellulases from the Stachybotrys strain (endoglucanases and β-glucosidases) were monitored by enzymatic assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and zymogram analysis. Glucose and lactose repressed CMCase time course production while they permitted a strong β-glucosidase one.

Improvement of cellulase and xylanase production by solid-state fermentation of Stachybotrys microspora.

The current study investigated the production of cellulases and xylanases from the rare fungus Stachybotrys microspora under solid-state fermentation (SSF) on wheat bran (WB). A comparison of both activities was first performed in submerged cultures using various concentrations of WB, glucose, and cellulose as substrates. The maximal activity of β-glucosidases and xylanases was obtained with 2% and 4% WB, respectively, whereas cellulose yielded the highest endoglucanase production.

Investigations on hydrolytic activities from Stachybotrys microspora and their use as an alternative in yeast DNA extraction.

Stachybotrys microspora is a filamentous fungus characterized by the secretion of multiple hydrolytic activities (cellulolytic and non-cellulolytic enzymes). The production of these biocatalysts was studied under submerged culture using glucose, cellulose, and wheat bran as carbon sources. Endoglucanases, pectinases, xylanases, β-glucanases, chitinases, and proteases were induced on cellulose-based medium and repressed on glucose in both strains with higher amounts produced by the mutant.

Mastery of cultural conditions and physico-chemical properties improves the production and the catalytic efficiency of bglG.

Stachybotrys microspora is a filamentous fungus secreting multiple β-glucosidases. Two of them were characterized. The third one, named bglG, was also characterized and used for various investigations.

The K-segments of the wheat dehydrin DHN-5 are essential for the protection of lactate dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase activities in vitro.

The wheat dehydrin DHN-5 has been previously shown to exhibit heat protecting effect on enzymatic activities. In order to understand the molecular mechanism by which DHN-5 exerts its protective function, we performed an approach to dissect the functional domains of DHN-5 responsible for this feature. In two distinct enzymatic assays, we found that the truncated forms of DHN-5 containing only one K- or two K-segments are able to protect albeit to less extent than the wild type protein, lactate dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase against damage induced by various stresses in vitro.

Biocatalysts: beautiful creatures.

The chemical industry has come under increasing pressure to make chemical production more eco-friendly and independent to fossil resources. The development of industrial processes based on micro-organisms can especially help to eliminate the use or the generation of hazardous substances and can support the transition from dependence on fossil resources towards real sustainable and eco-safety industrial processes. The biocatalysts are the best solution given by nature that can be used to improve some biotechnological applications.

Cellobiose dehydrogenase influences the production of S. microspora β-glucosidase.

BglG, a Stachybotrys microspora β-glucosidase produced in the presence of glucose and cellobiose, was used individually as sole carbon source. The time course synthesis of BglG showed two aspects: (1) an exponential curve, observed in glucose Mandels medium, and (2) a cloche curve, observed in cellobiose containing cultures. A decrease was observed in bglG production at the 6th, 8th and 10th days during mycelium growth in cellobiose Mandels medium, which allowed for the assumption that the anabolism of a bglG inhibitor factor was produced with cellobiose but not with glucose.

Development of energy plants and their potential to withstand various extreme environments.

Biomass utilization is increasingly considered as a practical way for sustainable energy supply and long-term environment care around the world. In concerns with food security, starch or sugar-based bioethanol and edible-oilderived biodiesel are severely restricted for large scale production. Alternatively, conversion of lignocellulosic residues from food crops could be considered, but due to its recalcitrance, the current biomass process is unacceptably expensive.