Beyond protein synthesis: the emerging role of arginine in poultry nutrition and host-microbe interactions.

Arginine is a functional amino acid essential for various physiological processes in poultry. The dietary essentiality of arginine in poultry stems from the absence of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I. The specific requirement for arginine in poultry varies based on several factors, such as age, dietary factors, and physiological status.

The Development of Gut Microbiota and Its Changes Following Infection in Broilers.

The gut is home to more than millions of bacterial species. The gut bacteria coexist with the host in a symbiotic relationship that can influence the host's metabolism, nutrition, and physiology and even module various immune functions. The commensal gut microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping the immune response and provides a continuous stimulus to maintain an activated immune system.

in Poultry: Pathogenesis and Control Strategies.

is the leading cause of human foodborne illness associated with poultry, beef, and pork consumption. is highly prevalent in commercial poultry farms, where horizontal transmission from the environment is considered to be the primary source of . As an enteric pathogen, expresses virulence factors regulated by a two-component system that mediates 's ability to survive in the host.

Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Pathogen, Pathogenesis, and Prevention.

type A and C are the primary etiological agents associated with necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry. The predisposing factors implicated in the incidence of NE changes the physical properties of the gut, immunological status of birds, and disrupt the gut microbial homeostasis, causing an over-proliferation of . The principal virulence factors contributing to the pathogenesis of NE are the α-toxin, β-toxin, and NetB toxin.

A Novel Approach against : A Review of Polymeric Nanoparticle Vaccines for Broilers and Layers.

This work discusses the present-day limitations of current commercial vaccines for broilers and layers and explores a novel approach towards poultry vaccination using biodegradable nanoparticle vaccines against . With the increasing global population and poultry production and consumption, is a potential health risk for humans. The oral administration of killed or inactivated vaccines would provide a better alternative to the currently commercially available vaccines for poultry.