Topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid as a blood conservation intervention for reduction of post-operative bleeding in hemiarthroplasty.

Background: This study was performed to test the effectiveness of topical tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss in pelvic hemiarthoplasty surgeries compared with intravenous TXA, regarding the incidence of thromboembolic complications (deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism (PE) and cerebrovascular stroke [CVS]).

Patients And Methods: After obtaining institutional ethical approval 60 patients divided into three groups. Group A: Received intravenous TXA Group B: Received topical TXA Group C: Control group (placebo saline).

Plastic cells and populations: DNA substrate characteristics in Helicobacter pylori transformation define a flexible but conservative system for genomic variation.

Helicobacter pylori, bacteria that colonize the human gastric mucosa, are naturally competent for transformation by exogenous DNA, and show a panmictic population structure. To understand the mechanisms involved in its horizontal gene transfer, we sought to define the interval required from exposure to substrate DNA until DNA uptake and expression of a selectable phenotype, as well as the relationship of transforming fragment length, concentration, homology, symmetry, and strandedness, to the transformation frequency. We provide evidence that natural transformation in H.