Chitosan nanoparticles upregulate C and N metabolism in soybean plants grown under elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Despite the wide utilization of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a promising approach for sustainable agriculture, their efficiency under elevated CO (eCO), has not been evaluated. The interactive effects of CSNPs and eCO were evaluated on the growth and C and N metabolism of soybean plants. Plants were treated with CSNPs and grown under ambient CO (410 ppm, aCO) or eCO (645 ppm).

Alleviation of gadolinium stress on Medicago by elevated atmospheric CO is mediated by changes in carbohydrates, Anthocyanin, and proline metabolism.

Rare earth elements (REE) like Gadolinium (Gd), are increasingly used in industry and agriculture and this is concomitant with the increasingly leaking of Gd into the environment. Under a certain threshold concentration, REE can promote plant growth, however, beyond this concentration, they exert negative effects on plant growth. Moreover, the effect of Gd on plants growth and metabolism under a futuristic climate with increasingly atmospheric CO has not yet been studied.

Improved Mineral Acquisition, Sugars Metabolism and Redox Status after Mycorrhizal Inoculation Are the Basis for Tolerance to Vanadium Stress in C3 and C4 Grasses.

Vanadium (V) can be beneficial or toxic to plant growth and the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and V stress was rarely investigated at physiological and biochemical levels of plant groups (C3 and C4) and organs (roots and shoots). We tested the potential of AMF to alleviate the negative effects of V (350 mg V/Kg soil) on shoots and roots of rye and sorghum. Relative to sorghum (C4), rye (C3) showed higher levels of V and lower levels of key elements under V stress conditions.

Soil enrichment with actinomycete mitigates the toxicity of arsenic oxide nanoparticles on wheat and maize growth and metabolism.

The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to enhance plant growth and protection against heavy metal toxicity has been extensively studied. However, its potentiality to reduce arsenate toxicity, a threat to plant growth and metabolism, has been hardly investigated. Moreover, the toxic effect of arsenic oxide nanoparticles (As-NPs) on plants and possible mechanisms for its alleviation has not yet been explored.

An actinomycete strain of Nocardiopsis lucentensis reduces arsenic toxicity in barley and maize.

Accumulation of arsenic in plant tissues poses a substantial threat to global crop yields. The use of plant growth-promoting bacterial strains to mitigate heavy metal toxicity has been illustrated before. However, its potential to reduce plant arsenic uptake and toxicity has not been investigated to date.

Elevated CO differently suppresses the arsenic oxide nanoparticles-induced stress in C3 (Hordeum vulgare) and C4 (Zea maize) plants via altered homeostasis in metabolites specifically proline and anthocyanin metabolism.

Nano-sized arsenic oxide nanoparticles (AsO-NP) limit crop growth and productivity. AsO-NP represent a strong environmental hazard. The predicted rise in future atmospheric CO could boost plant growth both under optimal and heavy metal stress conditions.

Soil arsenic toxicity differentially impacts C3 (barley) and C4 (maize) crops under future climate atmospheric CO.

Soil arsenic (As) contamination limits global agricultural productivity. Anthropogenic emissions are causing atmospheric CO levels to rise. Elevated CO (eCO) boosts plant growth both under optimal and suboptimal growth conditions.

Actinomycetes Enrich Soil Rhizosphere and Improve Seed Quality as well as Productivity of Legumes by Boosting Nitrogen Availability and Metabolism.

The use of actinomycetes for improving soil fertility and plant production is an attractive strategy for developing sustainable agricultural systems due to their effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and low production cost. Out of 17 species isolated from the soil rhizosphere of legume crops, 4 bioactive isolates were selected and their impact on 5 legumes: soybean, kidney bean, chickpea, lentil, and pea were evaluated. According to the morphological and molecular identification, these isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces.

Photoperiod stress induces an oxidative burst-like response and is associated with increased apoplastic peroxidase and decreased catalase activities.

Periodic changes of light and dark regulate numerous processes in plants. Recently, a novel type of stress caused by an extended light period has been described in Arabidopsis thaliana and was named photoperiod stress. Although photoperiod stress causes the induction of numerous stress response genes of which many are indicators of oxidative stress, the exact timing and mechanisms involved in dealing with this stress have not yet been investigated.

Hormonal seed-priming improves tomato resistance against broomrape infection.

Although it is well known that parasitic weeds such as Orobanche (broomrape) significantly reduce the yield of economically important crops, their infection-induced oxidative changes need more exploration in their host plants. Moreover, applying an eco-friendly approach to minimize the infection is not yet available. This study was conducted to understand the effect of Orobanche ramosa infection on oxidative and redox status of tomato plants and the impact of hormonal (indole acetic acid (IAA); 0.

Maize roots and shoots show distinct profiles of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense under heavy metal toxicity.

Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural land causes crop production losses worldwide. Metal homeostasis within cells is tightly regulated. However, homeostasis breakdown leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Exploring the potential of actinomycetes in improving soil fertility and grain quality of economically important cereals.

The search for environment-friendly, economical and healthy alternatives to agrochemicals tempted us to evaluate the potential of naturally occurring actinomycetes to improve soil properties, plant growth and photosynthesis, grain yield and chemical composition of economically important cereals (wheat, barley, oat, maize and sorghum). To this end, actinomycetes were isolated from soils of local cereals fields, then their biological activities, namely antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, and phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated. The four most active isolates (9, 16, 24 and 26) were selected and used for enriching the soils until seed set.

High Salinity Induces Different Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses in Maize Seedlings Organs.

Salinity negatively affects plant growth and causes significant crop yield losses world-wide. Maize is an economically important cereal crop affected by high salinity. In this study, maize seedlings were subjected to 75 mM and 150 mM NaCl, to emulate high soil salinity.