"Enhancing equitable impact: ethical, legal, and sustainable approaches in short-term surgical outreach for global child health".

Global health prioritizes improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. It encompasses a wide range of efforts, including disease prevention and treatment, health promotion, healthcare delivery, and addressing health disparities across borders. Short-term medical and surgical missions often contribute to the global health landscape, especially in low and lower-middle income countries.

Call the experts: identifying stakeholders in the long-term care of youth with hypospadias.

Long-term follow-up for individuals with hypospadias remains a critical area of need, yet evidence-based guidelines for such follow-up are lacking, and the role of involvement of relevant experts is not yet established. Using our hypospadias-specific health-related quality of life conceptual framework and a subsequent qualitative study of prepubertal males and parents of males with hypospadias, we identified potential priorities for long-term follow-up of youth with hypospadias. Using thematic codes from our patient and parent interviews, we searched PubMed for relevant articles and identified the specialties represented by all the authors of these articles.

The integral co-management role of the medical pediatric urologist: Improving the care of children with urological conditions.

Introduction: The complexities of modern medicine prompt a re-evaluation of traditional patient care models to enhance safety and quality. We implemented a one-year pilot Medical Pediatric Urology fellowship, jointly developed by Urology and Pediatric Hospital Medicine, where a pediatrician received postgraduate training in both specialties. This innovative program aimed to augment knowledge and expertise in non-surgical aspects of pediatric urology.

Advancements in surgical education: exploring animal and simulation models in fetal and neonatal surgery training.

Introduction: Surgical education is undergoing a transformation, moving away from traditional models towards more modern approaches that integrate experiential and didactic methods. This shift is particularly pertinent in the realm of fetal and neonatal surgery, where specialized training is crucial. Historical training methods, such as cadaveric dissection, have been prevalent for centuries, but newer innovations, including animal and non-animal simulation models, are gaining prominence.

Puberty Blocker, Leuprolide, Reduces Sex Differences in Rough-and-Tumble Play and Anxiety-like Behavior in Juvenile Rats.

We examined the effect of the puberty blocker, leuprolide acetate, on sex differences in juvenile rough-and-tumble play behavior and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent male and female rats. We also evaluated leuprolide treatment on gonadal and pituitary hormone levels and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-protein messenger RNA levels within the adolescent amygdala, a region important both for rough-and-tumble play and anxiety-like behavior. Our findings suggest that leuprolide treatment lowered anxiety-like behavior during adolescent development, suggesting that the maturation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone systems may be linked to increased anxiety.

A Role for Genitourinary Reconstruction in Locally Advanced Bilateral Wilm's Tumor.

Wilm's tumor, an embryonal tumor that develops from remnants of the immature kidney, is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood and accounts for approximately 6%-7% of all childhood cancers. Here, we present a case of a 10-year-old female with stage IV Wilm's tumor involving the bilateral kidneys. She ultimately required complex genitourinary reconstruction via a transureteroureterostomy following extensive oncologic resection.

Personalized Pre-clinic Nursing Telemedicine Visit: An Efficient and Efficacious Approach for Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction in Children.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of a Registered Nurse (RN) led educational pre-clinic telephone call on compliance and outcomes in children with bowel and bladder dysfunction (BBD).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of a prospectively applied protocol in a single academic institution was performed for children aged 4-17 presenting with BBD. All children underwent a pre-clinic RN telemedicine visit where they were educated on pathophysiology of BBD, provided personalized urotherapy and bowel recommendations and instructed to complete pre-clinic questionnaires and voiding diaries.

Pediatric Sedation Unit: A Safe, Effective, and Satisfactory Alternative to Outpatient Pediatric Urological Procedures Under Anesthesia.

Introduction: The operating room is an increasingly expensive and limited resource. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, cost, and parental satisfaction of transitioning minor pediatric urology procedures from an operating room setting to a pediatric sedation unit.

Methods: Minor urological procedures were transitioned from the operating room to the pediatric sedation unit if they could be completed in 20 minutes using minimal instrumentation.

A study on etiology of incontinence in double knockout mouse model.

Introduction And Objective: Stress urinary incontinence is of concern in both pediatric and adult population. Double mutant GLI family zinc finger Gli2; Gli3 murine model of stress incontinence has been recently developed as a reliable model which does not require surgical manipulation to create incontinence and is shown to survive to adulthood. The aim of this study was to establish the etiology of incontinence in the double mutant Gli2; Gli3 mice.

Recurrent UPJ obstruction following paediatric pyeloplasty is associated with an initial <2.5cm incision open surgical approach.

Objectives: To determine the risk factors that affect surgical outcomes for pediatric pyeloplasty, and whether this may be related to the choice of operative approach.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate clinicodemographic and operative characteristics of children undergoing dismemberment pyeloplasty by 2 senior pediatric urologists in our tertiary institution between Jan 2008 - Dec 2017. Outcomes included overall complications, re-stenosis, and revision pyeloplasty based on clinic-radiological parameters.

Genetic alterations of Keap1 confers chemotherapeutic resistance through functional activation of Nrf2 and Notch pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Keap1 mutations regulate Nrf2 activity and lead to chemoresistance in cancers. Yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance are poorly explored. By focusing and genotyping head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that had available pathologic and clinical data, we provide evidence that Keap1 displays frequent alterations (17%) in HNSCC.

Screening and management of bladder and bowel dysfunction in general pediatric outpatient clinic: a prospective observational study.

Background: Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is a common disorder in children that is often associated with psychosocial and behavioral problems. Data specific to BBD in Asian children are comparatively scarce. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of BBD and the response to standard urotherapy among Thai children attending the general pediatric outpatient clinic of Siriraj Hospital - Thailand's largest national tertiary referral center.

Acute Management of Prolonged, Recalcitrant Priapism in a Pediatric Patient.

Although rare in pediatrics, ischemic priapism carries significant risk of erectile dysfunction if not treated promptly. We report a case of idiopathic ischemic priapism in a male aged 14 years, refractory to traditional therapies, including aspiration/irrigation, phenylephrine injection, and distal shunt. However, the priapism resolved after intracavernosal injections of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with preservation of normal erectile function.

Decline in Respiratory Functions in Hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 Infected Cancer Patients Following Cytotoxic Chemotherapy-An Additional Risk for Post-chemotherapy Complications.

Background: Patients recovering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection demonstrate impaired lung function and those requiring chemotherapy after recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection have yet to be explored. In this study, we sought to investigate the possible pulmonary functional changes during and after administering chemotherapy in patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: In this study, a total of 37 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with cancer who were discharged from hospital and received subsequent cytotoxic chemotherapy were enrolled and prospectively followed-up.

Hospitalization following pediatric kidney transplantation: An international comparison among a Canadian pediatric transplant center, North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies, and Cooperative European Pediatric Renal Transplant Initiative registry data.

Background: There are several databases across the world that collect pediatric KT data. We compare the hospitalization outcomes for pediatric KT recipients from a large Canadian transplant center (SickKids database; The Hospital for Sick Children Kidney Transplantation Institutional Database), United States (NAPRTCS), and Europe (CERTAIN registry).

Methods: An institutional retrospective review of KT was performed between 2000 and 2015.

Impact of native nephrectomy on hypertension outcomes in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: a 10-year institutional experience.

Objective: To assess the role native nephrectomy (NN) in hypertension-related outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing renal transplantation (RT).

Methods: Renal transplants (RT) performed at our institution between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed. RT recipients who underwent NN were compared to those who did not.

Randomized trial of prophylactic antibiotics vs. placebo after midshaft-to-distal hypospadias repair: the PROPHY Study.

Background: Use of prophylactic antibiotics after stented hypospadias repair is very common, but most research has not identified any clinical benefits of this practice. Only one study has found that postoperative prophylaxis reduces symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Data from the same trial suggested that prophylaxis may also reduce urethroplasty complications.

Serious and Fatal Complications after Neonatal Circumcision.

Neonatal circumcision (NNC) is the most frequently performed surgical procedure worldwide and is generally considered safe in Western societies. Deaths attributed to NNC are seldom reported and are mostly explained by lack of adherence to medical standards. We reviewed our emergency department database for circumcision-related emergency admissions.