Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Walking is a key facilitator of healthy ageing and may reduce risk of cognitive decline in older adults. To develop suitable, accessible interventions, we must objectively consider the socio-ecological factors which influence participation in walking activities. For example, walking may be influenced by the volume and type of activities one's partner participates in (i.

Naming racism as a root cause of inequities in palliative care research: a scoping review.

Background: Racial and ethnic inequities in palliative care are well-established. The way researchers design and interpret studies investigating race- and ethnicity-based disparities has future implications on the interventions aimed to reduce these inequities. If racism is not discussed when contextualizing findings, it is less likely to be addressed and inequities will persist.

Autopsy of a failed trial part 2: Outcomes, challenges, and lessons learnt from the DAISIES trial.

Objective: The relative merits of inpatient or day-treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) are unknown. The DAISIES trial aimed to establish the non-inferiority of a stepped-care day patient treatment (DPT) approach versus inpatient treatment as usual (IP-TAU) for improving body mass index (BMI) at 12 months in adults with AN. The trial was terminated due to poor recruitment.

Vestibular function in children with vestibulocochlear nerve aplasia/hypoplasia.

Background: Infants and young children with vestibulocochlear nerve (VCN) hypoplasia/aplasia present with severe hearing loss and are candidates for cochlear implantation (CI). It is unknown whether vestibular function is related to CI outcome and if vestibular tests can guide the operation decision.

Aims/objectives: Our aim was to describe the vestibular function in patients with VCN hypoplasia/aplasia before a possible CI.

Coproduction and Usability of a Smartphone App for Falls Reporting in Parkinson Disease.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to coproduce a smart-phone application for digital falls reporting in people with Parkinson disease (PD) and to determine usability using an explanatory mixed-methods approach.

Methods: This study was undertaken in 3 phases. Phase 1 was the development phase, in which people with PD were recruited as co-researchers to the project.

The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 'stepping into day treatment' approach versus inpatient treatment as usual for anorexia nervosa in adult specialist eating disorder services (DAISIES trial): a study protocol of a randomised controlled multi-centre open-label parallel group non-inferiority trial.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and disabling mental disorder with a high disease burden. In a proportion of cases, intensive hospital-based treatments, i.e.

Differing Bilateral Benefits for Spatial Release From Masking and Sound Localization Accuracy Using Bone Conduction Devices.

Objectives: Normal binaural hearing facilitates spatial hearing and therefore many everyday listening tasks, such as understanding speech against a backdrop of competing sounds originating from various locations, and localization of sounds. For stimulation with bone conduction hearing devices (BCD), used to alleviate conductive hearing losses, limited transcranial attenuation results in cross-stimulation so that both cochleae are stimulated from the position of the bone conduction transducer. As such, interaural time and level differences, hallmarks of binaural hearing, are unpredictable at the level of the inner ears.

Ozone: A Novel Sterilizer for Personal Protective Equipment.

Objective: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is urgently sought during public health crises. It is necessary for the safety of both the patient and the healthcare professional. Yet during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, PPE scarcity in many countries, including the United States, has impacted the level of care for patients and the safety of healthcare personnel.

X-linked Malformation Deafness: Neurodevelopmental Symptoms Are Common in Children With IP3 Malformation and Mutation in POU3F4.

Objective: Incomplete partition type 3 (IP3) malformation deafness is a rare hereditary cause of congenital or rapid progressive hearing loss. The children present with a severe to profound mixed hearing loss and temporal bone imaging show a typical inner ear malformation classified as IP3. Cochlear implantation is one option of hearing restoration in severe cases.

Residents' reflections on end-of-life conversations: how a palliative care clinical rotation creates meaningful learning opportunities.

Background: Good communication at the end-of-life is important for patient outcomes and satisfaction. However, many healthcare providers are hesitant to engage in these conversations due to inadequate training. Classroom and bedside palliative care training have been effective in improving resident communication with patients at the end-of-life, yet the educational mechanisms that promote development remain uncharacterized.

Evaluation of Artificial Fixation of the Incus and Malleus With Minimally Invasive Intraoperative Laser Vibrometry (MIVIB) in a Temporal Bone Model.

Background: A significant number of adults suffer from conductive hearing loss due to chronic otitis media, otosclerosis, or other pathologies. An objective measurement of ossicular mobility is needed to avoid unnecessarily invasive middle ear surgery and to improve hearing outcomes.

Methods: Minimally invasive intraoperative laser vibrometry provides a method that is compatible with middle ear surgery, where the tympanic membrane is elevated.

An Observational Study of Smoflipid vs Intralipid on the Evolution of Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease in Infants With Intestinal Failure.

Background: SMOFlipid has a more diverse lipid profile than traditional Intralipid and has become the standard lipid for patients in our intestinal rehabilitation program. Our objective was to compare outcomes in neonates with intestinal failure (IF) who received SMOFlipid against those receiving Intralipid.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants with IF with a minimum follow-up of 12 months in 2008-2016.

The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Place of Death Among Patients Receiving Home Palliative Care in Toronto, Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Socioeconomic disparities in home death have been noted in the literature. Home-based palliative care increases access to home death and has been suggested as a means to decrease these disparities.

Aim: Our study examines the association between socioeconomic status and other demographic factors on place of death in a population receiving home palliative care in Toronto, Canada.

A simulation study assessing the accuracy and reliability of orchidometer estimation of testicular volume.

Context: Measuring testicular volume (TV) by orchidometer is the standard method of male pubertal staging. A paucity of evidence exists as to its inter- and intra-observer reliability and the impact of clinicians' gender, training and experience on accuracy.

Objective: Prosthetic testicular models were engineered to investigate accuracy and reliability of TV estimation.

An entrustable professional activity descriptor for medical aid in dying: a mixed-methods study.

Background: In jurisdictions where medical aid in dying (MAiD) is legal, there is an obligation to ensure the competence of those who assess eligibility and provide MAiD to patients. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are one framework for incorporating competency-based training and assessment into the workplace, so we convened a group of experienced MAiD providers to develop an EPA descriptor for MAiD.

Methods: We performed a mixed-methods sequential qualitative (focus group via 2 teleconferences) and quantitative (survey) study to generate and refine a consensus descriptor using open coding followed by a modified Delphi approach.

Peer review of rural and tertiary Queensland paediatric diabetes services: A pilot project from the National Health Service.

Aim: Peer review is one component of the improvement of diabetes care delivered by the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales. Queensland has a decentralised model of service provision with an established state diabetes network.

Methods: The NHS scheme was adapted for use in Australia, and seven trained reviewers were recruited to visit 14 'hub' centres, which in turn covered 29 'spoke' units delivering care to over 95% of all public patients <16 years old in the state.

Occurrence of primary brain tumors in cochlear implant patients in Sweden between 1989 and 2014.

Purpose: Cochlear implants are widely used for hearing rehabilitation of deaf children with congenital deafness or adults with acquired severe-to-profound hearing loss. The sound processor antenna creates a radio frequency-electromagnetic field transmitting the sound signal to the implant, similar to that in a mobile phone. A recent case report suggested a relationship between cochlear implants and malignant glioma, and some epidemiological studies have suggested an increased glioma and acoustic neuroma risk associated with long hours of mobile phone use.

Accuracy of hydrocortisone dose administration via nasogastric tube.

Objective: Hydrocortisone via nasogastric (NG) tube is used in sick children with adrenal insufficiency; however, there is no licensed formulation for NG administration.

Methods: We investigated hydrocortisone recovery after passage through NG tubes in vitro for three formulations: liquid suspension, crushed tablets mixed with water, and hydrocortisone granules designed for oral administration to children. Cortisol was measured by LC-MS/MS.

Providing Medical Assistance in Dying within a Home Palliative Care Program in Toronto, Canada: An Observational Study of the First Year of Experience.

Background: Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) was legalized in Canada in June 2016. There are no documented experiences of MAiD provision within a home palliative care program. The majority of palliative care physicians in Canada object to MAiD.

A randomized controlled trial of the compuLsive Exercise Activity TheraPy (LEAP): A new approach to compulsive exercise in anorexia nervosa.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of the compuLsive Exercise Activity theraPy (LEAP) programme integrated with manualized cognitive behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa (CBT-AN) compared to CBT-AN alone.

Method: Seventy-eight adults were randomized to CBT-AN, delivered with or without eight embedded sessions of LEAP, for a total of 34 individual outpatient sessions. Participants were assessed at baseline, the end of the first phase of CBT-AN (which included LEAP), mid-therapy, end of therapy, and at 3 and 6 months follow-up.

The interaction of socioeconomic status with place of death: a qualitative analysis of physician experiences.

Background: Home is a preferred place of death for many people; however, access to a home death may not be equitable. The impact of socioeconomic status on one's ability to die at home has been documented, yet there remains little literature exploring mechanisms that contribute to this disparity. By exploring the experiences and insights of physicians who provide end-of-life care in the home, this study aims to identify the factors perceived to influence patients' likelihood of home death and describe the mechanisms by which they interact with socioeconomic status.