The nuclear localization sequence and C-terminus of parathyroid hormone-related protein regulate normal pancreatic islet development and function.

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a pleiotropic hormone essential for morphogenesis, tissue differentiation, as well as cell regulation and function. PTHrP is expressed by pancreatic beta cells which are responsible for insulin secretion. Previous studies have reported that N-terminal PTHrP stimulated proliferation in beta cells in rodents.

Neuroprotective, antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of Hedera nepalensis and lupeol against STZ + AlCl induced rats model.

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Hedera nepalensis crude extract (HNC) and its isolated compound lupeol on antioxidant defence system, biochemical parameters and behavioural indices of Alzheimer disease generated in diabetic rats.

Methods: To evaluate the effect of the plant extract and lupeol, symptoms of Alzheimer and diabetes were induced in rats by STZ + AlCl treatment. Glucose level was measured with glucometer followed by antioxidant and biochemical assessment of the treated and untreated animals.