Innovative nanocarrier systems for enhanced delivery of phyto-active compounds in cancer therapy.

Millions of people worldwide suffer from cancer, facing challenges such as treatments affecting healthy cells, suboptimal responses, adverse effects, recurrence risk, drug resistance, and nonspecific targeting. Chemoresistance leads to fatalities, but phytoactives show promise in cancer management despite limitations such as high metabolism, poor absorption, and high dosage requirements. Challenges in the large-scale isolation of phytoactive compounds, solubility, bioavailability, and targeting limit their development.

Chiral nanosystem and chiral supraparticles for drug delivery: an expert opinion.

Introduction: Chiral nanocarriers enhance therapeutic efficacy by improving in vivo stability and cellular uptake. Chemical functionalization reduces cytotoxicity, resulting in favorable biocompatibility. Nanoparticles self-assemble into supraparticles, enhancing drug delivery through improved retention and drug loading.

ANRIL's Epigenetic Regulation and Its Implications for Cardiovascular Disorders.

Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are a major global health concern, but their underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent research highlights the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), particularly ANRIL, in cardiovascular development and disease. ANRIL, located in the human genome's 9p21 region, significantly regulates cardiovascular pathogenesis.

Nondestructive techniques for pharmaceutical drug product characterization.

Pharmaceutical product development involves multiple steps; therefore product quality must be assessed to ensure robustness and acceptability. Raw components, production methods, and ambient conditions yield highly variable end products with low batch-to-batch consistency. Although end testing is performed to ensure product quality, intermediate quality checks are limited.

Aging, ROS, and cellular senescence: a trilogy in the progression of liver fibrosis.

Ageing is an inevitable and multifaceted biological process that impacts a wide range of cellular and molecular mechanisms, leading to the development of various diseases, such as liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis progresses to cirrhosis, which is an advanced form due to high amounts of extracellular matrix and restoration of normal liver structure with failure to repair damaged tissue and cells, marking the end of liver function and total liver failure, ultimately death. The most important factors are reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular senescence.

Therapeutic approaches targeting aging and cellular senescence in Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is manifested by a gradual loss of physical, cognitive, and mental abilities. As the disease advances, age has a major impact on the pathogenic signature of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein aggregation. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between aging, mHTT toxicity, and cellular senescence in HD.

Hispolon-loaded lipid nanocapsules for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparative study with solid lipid nanoparticles and suspension.

The present study aims to develop, optimize and assess hispolon (HPN) lipid nanocapsules (LNCs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and suspension for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It included UPLC-MS/MS, solubility, optimization, characterization, stability, and studies. HPN-loaded LNCs were developed using phase-inversion and temperature cycling, while SLNs and suspension using hot homogenization and trituration methods.

Oxidative stress and senescence in aging kidneys: the protective role of SIRT1.

Aging leads to a gradual decline in kidney function, making the kidneys increasingly vulnerable to various diseases. Oxidative stress, together with cellular senescence, has been established as paramount in promoting the aging process of the kidney. Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between ROS formation and antioxidant defense mechanisms, has been implicated in the kidney's cellular injury, inflammation, and premature senescence.

Pyroptosis in lung cancer: The emerging role of non-coding RNAs.

Lung cancer remains an intractable malignancy worldwide, prompting novel therapeutic modalities. Pyroptosis, a lethal form of programmed cell death featured by inflammation, has been involved in cancer progression and treatment response. Simultaneously, non-coding RNA has been shown to have important roles in coordinating pattern formation and oncogenic pathways, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), microRNA (miRNAs), circular RNA (circRNAs), and small interfering RNA (siRNAs).

Therapeutic approaches to microglial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: Enhancing phagocytosis and metabolic regulation.

Microglia are essential in neurogenesis, synaptic pruning, and homeostasis. Nevertheless, aging, and cellular senescence may modify their role, causing them to shift from being shields to being players of neurodegeneration. In the aging brain, the population of microglia increases, followed by enhanced activity of genes related to neuroinflammation.

Phytoactives for Obesity Management: Integrating Nanomedicine for Its Effective Delivery.

Obesity is a global health concern that requires urgent investigation and management. While synthetic anti-obesity medications are available, they come with a high risk of side-effects and variability in their efficacy. Therefore, natural compounds are increasingly being used to treat obesity worldwide.

The impact of NF-κB on inflammatory and angiogenic processes in age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prominent cause of vision loss, characterized by two different types, dry (atrophic) and wet (neovascular). Dry AMD is distinguished by the progressive deterioration of retinal cells, which ultimately causes a decline in vision. In contrast, wet AMD is defined by the abnormal development of blood vessels underneath the retina, leading to a sudden and severe vision impairment.

lncRNAs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in cuproptosis-mediated cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in various cellular processes, including cancer progression and stress response. Recent studies have demonstrated that copper accumulation induces a unique form of cell death known as cuproptosis, with lncRNAs playing a key role in regulating cuproptosis-associated pathways. These lncRNAs may trigger cell-specific responses to copper stress, presenting new opportunities as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Nrf2 pathways in neuroprotection: Alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment in aging.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment are widespread phenomena among the elderly, being crucial factors that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important regulator of cellular defense systems, including that against oxidative stress. As such, increased Nrf2 activity may serve as a strategy to avert mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive decline.

Deciphering NF-kappaB pathways in smoking-related lung carcinogenesis.

One of the main causes of death worldwide is lung cancer, which is largely caused by cigarette smoking. The crucial transcription factor NF-κB, which controls inflammatory responses and various cellular processes, is a constitutively present cytoplasmic protein strictly regulated by inhibitors like IκB proteins. Upon activation by external stimuli, it undergoes phosphorylation, translocates into the nucleus, and modulates the expression of specific genes.

The paradox of autophagy in cancer: NEAT1's role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance.

Cancer remains a current active problem of modern medicine, a process during which cell growth and proliferation become uncontrolled. However, the role of autophagy in the oncological processes is counterintuitive and, at the same time, increasingly influential on the formation, development, and response to therapy of oncological diseases. Autophagy is a vital cellular process that removes defective proteins and organelles and supports cellular homeostasis.

The Anticancer Journey of Liquiritin: Insights into Its Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects.

Liquiritin (LIQ), a bioactive flavonoid from Glycyrrhiza species, has shown significant potential in cancer therapy. LIQ exhibits potent inhibitory effects on various cancer cell types, including breast, lung, liver, and colon cancers, while demonstrating low toxicity towards healthy cells. Its anticancer mechanisms include inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis, and modulating inflammation-related pathways.

Three-dimensional cell culture: Future scope in cancer vaccine development.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques, which are superior to 2D methods in viability and functionality, are being used to develop innovative cancer vaccines. Tumor spheroids, which are structurally and functionally similar to actual tumors, can be developed using 3D cell culture. These spheroid vaccines have shown superior antitumor immune responses to 2D cell-based vaccines.

Circular RNAs and the JAK/STAT pathway: New frontiers in cancer therapeutics.

Circular RNAs, known as circRNAs, have drawn more attention to cancer biology in the last few years. Novel functions of circRNAs in cancer therapy open promising prospects for personalized medicine. This review focuses on the molecular properties and potential of circRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.

Ferroptosis and circular RNAs: new horizons in cancer therapy.

Cancer poses intricate challenges to treatment due to its complexity and diversity. Ferroptosis and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as innovative therapeutic avenues amid the evolving landscape of cancer therapy. Extensive investigations into circRNAs reveal their diverse roles, ranging from molecular regulators to pivotal influencers of ferroptosis in cancer cell lines.

Autophagy-associated non-coding RNAs: Unraveling their impact on Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological condition marked by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The precise etiology of PD remains unclear, but emerging evidence suggests a significant role for disrupted autophagy-a crucial cellular process for maintaining protein and organelle integrity.

Methods: This review focuses on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating autophagy in PD.

Peptide spiders are emerging as novel therapeutic interventions for nucleic acid delivery.

The FDA has approved many nucleic acid (NA)-based products. The presence of charges and biological barriers however affect stability and restrict widespread use. The electrostatic complexation of peptide with polyethylene glycol-nucleic acids (PEG-NAs) via nonreducible and reducible agents lead to three parts at one platform.

ncRNAs and their impact on dopaminergic neurons: Autophagy pathways in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurological illness that causes severe motor and non-motor symptoms due to a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The aetiology of PD is influenced by a variety of genetic, environmental, and cellular variables. One important aspect of this pathophysiology is autophagy, a crucial cellular homeostasis process that breaks down and recycles cytoplasmic components.