A Comprehensive Framework for Saturation Theorem Proving.

A crucial operation of saturation theorem provers is deletion of subsumed formulas. Designers of proof calculi, however, usually discuss this only informally, and the rare formal expositions tend to be clumsy. This is because the equivalence of dynamic and static refutational completeness holds only for derivations where all deleted formulas are redundant, but the standard notion of redundancy is too weak: A clause does not make an instance redundant.

[Reasons of changes in drug therapy after hospital discharge - a qualitative study of perception by general practitioners and patients].

Background: After discharge from hospital there is often change of medication regimen. Usually, the main results of the inpatient stay and the subsequent treatment recommendations are summarised in a "discharge letter". Based on this, the general practitioner decides on how to proceed taking the individual aspects of his/her patient into consideration.

Smartphone application of primary care guidelines used in education of medical students.

Background And Objective: The guidelines of the German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians (DEGAM) on frequent and important reasons for encounter in Primary Care play a central role in the teaching of Family Medicine. They were edited by the authors into an app for mobile phones, making them available at all times to General Practitioners and medical students. This study examines the issue: how useful do students consider this application within their learning process in Family Medicine?

Method: The short versions of the 15 DEGAM guidelines were processed as a web app (for all smartphone software systems) including offline utilisation, and offered to students in the Family Medicine course, during clinical attachments in General Practice, on elective compulsory courses or for their final year rotation in General Practice.

[Influence of package inserts on adherence to medication in primary care patients].

Background: German legislation requires a package insert (PI) to be attached to any drug that informs patients about the use, indications, dosage and possible side effects. This PI is often blamed for deliberate deviations from the patient's prescribed medication regimen. It is unknown to what extent patients use the opportunity to inform themselves by the PI and potential consequences for medication adherence.

E-learning for education in primary healthcare--turning the hype into reality: a Delphi study.

Objective: E-learning has the potential to provide effective education for general practice, but there are significant difficulties that must be overcome.

Design: We initiated a two-round Delphi study, aiming to identify expectations and barriers to e-learning in primary healthcare education.

Methods: We distributed questionnaires to 60 primary care experts who are also experts in the field of e-learning.

Virtual patients for assessing medical students--important aspects when considering the introduction of a new assessment format.

Background: A case-based online assessment tool has been accomplished at the University of Ulm by simulating consultations with virtual patients in General Practice setting. After a successful pilot study, more data on validity were needed as one important step when considering introducing this assessment format to replace the regular written course exam.

Methods: Five distinct sources of validity evidence are addressed: content, response process, internal structure, relationship to other variables and consequences.

[A complex process: decision-making in general practice: 117 structured case analyses].

Background: A variety of factors seem to play a role in decision-making in general practice. To describe the complexity of this process a vague symptom with a broad spectrum of possible causes and outcomes was chosen: dizziness. Aim of this study was to provide a conceptual framework to describe and assess the complex reasoning process of general practitioners.

The effect of cyclosporine on electrically paced isolated rat cardiomyocytes.

The acute cardiotoxicity of cyclosporine was investigated in isolated cardiomyocytes from adult rats. In a first study, myocytes were incubated with CsA ranging from 1 to 10 micrograms/ml and paced by electrical-field stimulation. After 30 min of stimulation the number of surviving rod-shaped myocytes was significantly reduced at 2.