Publications by authors named "Walder M"

Televised football is still one of the main ways in which football fans consume football. Earlier studies into audience receptions of televised football often used focus group interviews with football fans and generally concluded that majority ethnic audiences tend to be engaged in 'football talk' that reproduces already existing racial/ethnic stereotypes and identifications. The current study takes one step further and has explored the consumption of televised football amongst White, male football fans .

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Identifying protein interfaces can inform how proteins interact with their binding partners, uncover the regulatory mechanisms that control biological functions and guide the development of novel therapeutic agents. A variety of computational approaches have been developed for predicting a protein's interfacial residues from its known sequence and structure. Methods using the known three-dimensional structures of proteins can be template-based or template-free.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is a multifactorial condition in which both genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute to the clinical outcome. Abnormal cortical development and lower IQ scores were shown to be correlated in BIF children, but the genetic components of this condition and their possible connection with intelligence and brain morphology have never been investigated in BIF. The synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kD (SNAP-25) is involved in synaptic plasticity, neural maturation, and neurotransmission, affecting intellectual functioning.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Early life adversity (ELA) in childhood is a major risk factor for borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). BIF affects both adaptive and intellectual abilities, commonly leading to school failure and to an increased risk to develop mental and social problems in the adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of ELA associated with BIF in terms of global topological organization and structural connectivity and their relation with intellectual functioning.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Unlabelled: An adverse social environment is a major risk factor for borderline intellectual functioning (BIF), a condition characterized by an intelligence quotient (IQ) within the low range of normality (70-85) with difficulties in the academic achievements and adaptive behavior. Children with BIF show impairments in planning, language, movement, emotion regulation, and social abilities. Moreover, the BIF condition exposes children to an increased risk of school failures and the development of mental health problems, and poverty in adulthood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Root hemiparasites acquire resources from neighboring plants' vascular systems and can limit host growth, depress community productivity, and exert keystone effects. The strength of these effects is posited to be greater where hosts are nutrient-stressed but studies of annual hemiparasites show effects to be short-lived and variable. We conducted a 10-year experiment testing whether fertilizer addition alters the impact of the clonal, perennial hemiparasite Pedicularis canadensis on a prairie community and examine whether short-term trends reflect longer-term effects on community dynamics.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To determine whether hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) could be used to decontaminate caliciviruses from surfaces in a patient room.

Design: Feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV) were used as surrogate viability markers to mimic the noncultivable human norovirus. Cell culture supernatants of FCV and MNV were dried in triplicate 35-mm wells of 6-well plastic plates.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: It is important to identify patients who are at risk for infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in order to reduce mortality, to avoid spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals, and to minimize the number of patients receiving unnecessary treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. A case-control survey among Swedish patients was performed at Skåne University Hospital to identify risk factors for developing an infection with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in a low endemic country.

Methods: We used a computerized database to identify patients with growth of ESBL-producing E.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae with Cefotaximase-München (CTX-M) enzymes are rapidly increasing worldwide and pose a threat to health care. ESBLs with CTX-M enzymes have been isolated from animals and different food products, but it is unknown if food imported from the Mediterranean area may be a possible reservoir of these bacteria. During 2007-2008, swab samples from food across different retail outlets (mostly food from the Mediterranean countries and Swedish chicken) were collected.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Resistant Enterobacteriaceae have become a worldwide epidemic during the last decade and are a great threat to health care worldwide. International travel is a major risk factor for becoming colonized with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. Data on the persistence of colonization with ESBL-producing bacteria in the faecal flora are limited.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: New technologies have emerged in recent years for the disinfection of hospital rooms and equipment that may not be disinfected adequately using conventional methods. There are several hydrogen peroxide-based area decontamination technologies on the market, but no head-to-head studies have been performed.

Design: We conducted a head-to-head in vitro comparison of a hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) system (Bioquell) and an aerosolized hydrogen peroxide (aHP) system (Sterinis).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Vascular disease is common in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). The aim of the present study was to investigate, whether dysbalance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors occurs in MCTD.

Methods: In all, 38 patients with MCTD, and 40 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) for comparison, were included.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in patients at various hospital wards and in a group of relatively healthy volunteers, in order to obtain greater knowledge on how common these bacterial strains are in hospital settings and in the general community. Participants (n = 427) were enrolled at a University Hospital and at Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs) in Sweden in 2008 and 2010. The participants provided rectal swabs, which were tested for the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Compared to truly negative cultures, false-positive blood cultures not only increase laboratory work but also prolong lengths of patient stay and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, both of which are likely to increase antibiotic resistance and patient morbidity. The increased patient suffering and surplus costs caused by blood culture contamination motivate substantial measures to decrease the rate of contamination, including the use of dedicated phlebotomy teams. The present study evaluated the effect of a simple informational intervention aimed at reducing blood culture contamination at Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö, Sweden, during 3.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Acquired AmpC enzymes, classified as miscellaneous extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL(M)) enzymes according to a recently proposed beta-lactamase classification, are increasing according to several publications. Simple and rapid methods for detection of ESBL(M) are needed for appropriate infection control. A gel-based multiplex PCR method for acquired bla(AmpC) detection and subtype classification has been available for several years.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication of respiratory support and is associated with increased mortality, morbidity and costs, and a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. Scandinavian data on the aetiology in VAP are lacking. We hereby present a retrospective study on the aetiology of VAP diagnosed by protective specimen brush culture at Malmö University Hospital in relation to early- and late-onset VAP, antibiotic treatment and the incidence of drug-resistant bacteria.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The identification of patients carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria is important, since these patients are at risk of receiving inappropriate empirical therapy if they become infected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria in patients with travellers' diarrhoea. Patients with travellers' diarrhoea (N = 242) having delivered stool samples for the diagnosis of Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia or Campylobacter, were also examined for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Scandinavia is considered a region with a low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. However, the number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria is increasing, including metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study MBL-producing P.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The activities of tigecycline and comparative agents on staphylococci and enterococci isolated from patients at general hospital wards (GHWs) and intensive care units (ICUs) at 3 university hospitals in Sweden were investigated. Oxacillin disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration with E-test were used. The presence of mecA, vanA or vanB genes was determined with PCR.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: While in the last 5 years several studies have been conducted in Italy on the prevalence of mental disorders in adults, to date no epidemiological study has been targeted on mental disorders in adolescents.

Method: A two-phase study was conducted on 3,418 participants using the child behavior checklist/6-18 (CBCL) and the development and well-being assessment (DAWBA), a structured interview with verbatim reports reviewed by clinicians.

Results: The prevalence of CBCL caseness and DSM-IV disorders was 9.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-systemic fibrotic disorder with worldwide distribution and high morbidity and mortality. Characteristic features of this disease are widespread vasculopathy, inflammation, autoimmunity, and fibrosis. The better clinical outcome in recent years is mainly due to better management of organ complications.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Pharmacodynamic studies of antibiotics have attracted great interest in recent years. However, studies on the pharmacodynamics of different antibiotics against Clostridium difficile are scarce.

Methods: The postantibiotic effects (PAE) and the postantibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects (PA SME) of vancomycin, metronidazole and fusidic acid were investigated by viable counts against three different strains of C.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A theoretical and experimental investigation of alternating electroosmotic flow patterns by means of specially designed delay loops is presented. Using elementary methods of compact network modeling and detailed FEM simulations the flow behavior and, in particular, the rearrangement of sample plugs is modeled. The proposed designs rely on flow splitting in combination with electroosmotic delay loops leading to a runtime difference or phase shift between two sub-streams.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In order to evaluate the value of bacterial cultures taken from the throat, 266 patients with MRSA were retrospectively assessed. At the time when MRSA was first detected in the patient, the most frequent sites positive for MRSA were a skin lesion (110 patients, 41%), the anterior nares (109 patients, 41%), and the throat (102 patients, 38%). In 26%, 17%, and 17% of the patients, a skin lesion, the anterior nares, and the throat, respectively, were the only site where MRSA was seen.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Italian preadolescent mental health project (PrISMA--Progetto Italiano Salute Mentale Adolescenti) is the first Italian study designed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in preadolescents (10-14 years old) living in urban areas, and to analyse the demographic and biological correlates of emotional and behavioural problems. This paper describes the rationale, methods and the analysis plan of the project. The design of the study used a two-stage sampling procedure, one screening stage of emotional and behavioural problems in a large sample of subjects attending public and private schools and a second stage of diagnostic assessment in a sample including all high scorers and a proportion of low scorers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF