Use of Prescribed and Non-Prescribed Treatments for Cluster Headache in a Swedish Cohort.

Background: Cluster headache (CH) is a debilitating condition, but current therapies leave CH patients in pain. The extent of this problem in Sweden is unknown.

Methods: An anonymized questionnaire was sent to 479 Swedish CH patients to investigate patterns and perceived effects of treatments.

Patients with cluster headache show signs of insomnia and sleep related stress: results from an actigraphy and self-assessed sleep study.

Background: Cluster headache (CH) is a primary headache disorder which is characterized by circadian timing of headache attacks, usually at nighttime, in around two thirds of patients. Patients with CH often report sleep difficulties, though it is unknown whether this is a cause or a consequence of nightly headache attacks.

Objective: In this case-control study we have assessed sleep quality in study participants with CH in cluster bout respectively in remission, compared to a control group of neurologically healthy individuals to investigate the potential connection between sleep and CH.

Cluster Headache Genomewide Association Study and Meta-Analysis Identifies Eight Loci and Implicates Smoking as Causal Risk Factor.

Objective: The objective of this study was to aggregate data for the first genomewide association study meta-analysis of cluster headache, to identify genetic risk variants, and gain biological insights.

Methods: A total of 4,777 cases (3,348 men and 1,429 women) with clinically diagnosed cluster headache were recruited from 10 European and 1 East Asian cohorts. We first performed an inverse-variance genomewide association meta-analysis of 4,043 cases and 21,729 controls of European ancestry.

Investigating Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Markers in a Cluster Headache Meta-Analysis.

Patients diagnosed with the primary headache disorder known as cluster headache (CH) commonly report that their headache attacks occur in patterns of both circadian and seasonal rhythmicity. Vitamin D is essential for a variety of bodily functions and vitamin D levels are largely regulated by daylight exposure in connection with seasonal variation. For this Sweden-based study, the association between CH and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene, rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs731236, were investigated, as well as CH bouts and trigger factors in relation to seasonal and weather changes.

Sex Differences in Clinical Features, Treatment, and Lifestyle Factors in Patients With Cluster Headache.

Background And Objectives: Cluster headache is considered a male-dominated disorder, but we have previously suggested that female patients may display a more severe phenotype. Studies on sex differences in cluster headache have been conflicting; therefore, this study, with the largest validated cluster headache material at present, gives more insights into sex-specific characteristics of the disease. The objective of this study was to describe sex differences in patient demographics, clinical phenotype, chronobiology, triggers, treatment, and lifestyle in a Swedish cluster headache population.

Gene Family Polymorphisms in Relation to Cluster Headache and Circadian Rhythm in Sweden.

The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, cluster headache (CH), is one of the most painful disorders known to man. One of the disorder's most striking features is the reported diurnal rhythmicity of the attacks. For a majority of patients, the headache attacks occur at approximately the same time every day.

A national Swedish case-control study investigating incidence and factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Objective: To study the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden and to explore whether previously proposed risk factors are associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension by investigating the odds of exposure one year prior to diagnosis in patients compared to controls.

Methods: Using Swedish health care registers and validated diagnostic algorithms, idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients diagnosed between 2000-2016 were compared with randomly selected matched controls, five from the general population and five with obesity.

Results: We identified 902 idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 4510 matched individuals in each control group.

The molecular clock gene cryptochrome 1 () and its role in cluster headache.

Background: Cluster headache is a severe primary headache disorder commonly featuring a strikingly distinct circadian attack pattern. Therefore, the circadian system has been suggested to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cluster headache. Cryptochromes are key components of the molecular clock generating circadian rhythms and have previously been shown to be associated with several psychiatric disorders, including seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and depression.

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Risk Loci for Cluster Headache.

Objective: This study was undertaken to identify susceptibility loci for cluster headache and obtain insights into relevant disease pathways.

Methods: We carried out a genome-wide association study, where 852 UK and 591 Swedish cluster headache cases were compared with 5,614 and 1,134 controls, respectively. Following quality control and imputation, single variant association testing was conducted using a logistic mixed model for each cohort.

Analysis of NOS Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Cluster Headache and Predisposing Factors in Sweden.

Cluster headache is characterized by activation of the autonomic-trigeminal reflex. Nitric oxide can trigger headaches in patients, and nitric oxide signaling is known to be affected in cluster headache. Based on the hypothesis of nitric oxide being involved in cluster headache pathophysiology we investigated nitric oxide synthases as potential candidate genes for cluster headache.

Infectious and inflammatory disorders might increase the risk of developing idiopathic intracranial hypertension - a national case-control study.

Objective: To investigate whether conditions causing inflammatory activation are associated with increased risk of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Methods: All newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients (cases) in Sweden between 2000-2016 were identified using pre-determined algorithms (n = 902) and matched with five controls from the general population and five individuals with an obesity diagnosis (n = 4510) for age, sex, region, and vital status. National health registers provided information on infections, inflammatory disorders and dispensed medications.

Anoctamin 3: A Possible Link between Cluster Headache and Ca Signaling.

Cluster headache is a severe primary headache characterized by extremely painful attacks of unilateral headache. Verapamil is commonly used as a prophylactic treatment with good effect. In order to search for new pathways involved in the pathophysiology of cluster headache, we analyzed genetic variants that were previously linked to verapamil response in migraine in a Swedish cluster headache case-control sample.

Analysis of HCRTR2 Gene Variants and Cluster Headache in Sweden.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the HCRTR2 gene variants rs3122156, rs2653342, and rs2653349 in a large homogenous Swedish case-control cohort in order to further evaluate the possible contribution of HCRTR2 to cluster headache.

Background: Cluster headache is a severe neurovascular disorder and the pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Due to striking circadian and circannual patterns of this disease, the hypothalamus has been a research focus in cluster headache.

Implications for the migraine SNP rs1835740 in a Swedish cluster headache population.

Background: Cluster headache is a severe headache disorder with unknown aetiology. The pathophysiology and symptoms present certain common features with migraine. Specifically, activation of the trigeminal vascular system seems to be involved in both disorders, which is hypothesized to result in neurogenic inflammation and vasodilation of the cerebral vessels.

Migraine and risk of stroke: a national population-based twin study.

Numerous studies have indicated an increased risk for stroke in patients with migraine, especially migraine with aura; however, many studies used self-reported migraine and only a few controlled for familial factors. We aimed to investigate migraine as a risk factor for stroke in a Swedish population-based twin cohort, and whether familial factors contribute to an increased risk. The study population included twins without prior cerebrovascular disease who answered a headache questionnaire during 1998 and 2002 for twins born 1935-58 and during 2005-06 for twins born between 1959 and 1985.

Cluster headache - clinical pattern and a new severity scale in a Swedish cohort.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate clinical features of a cluster headache cohort in Sweden and to construct and test a new scale for grading severity. Methods Subjects were identified by screening medical records for the ICD 10 code G44.0, that is, cluster headache.

Screening of genetic variants in ADCYAP1R1, MME and 14q21 in a Swedish cluster headache cohort.

Background: We have genotyped a Swedish cluster headache case-control population for three genetic variants representing the most significant markers identified in a recently published genome wide association study on cluster headache. The genetic variants were two common polymorphisms; rs12668955 in ADCYAP1R1 (adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor type 1), rs1006417, an intergenic variant on chromosome 14q21 and one rare mutation, rs147564881, in MME (membrane metalloendopeptidase).

Results: We screened 542 cluster headache patients and 581 controls using TaqMan real-time PCR on a 7500 fast cycler, and pyrosequencing on a PSQ 96 System.

A genetic CLOCK variant associated with cluster headache causing increased mRNA levels.

Background Cluster headache is characterized by recurrent unilateral headache attacks of severe intensity. One of the main features in a majority of patients is a striking rhythmicity of attacks. The CLOCK ( Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput) gene encodes a transcription factor that serves as a basic driving force for circadian rhythm in humans and is therefore particularly interesting as a candidate gene for cluster headache.

Screening of Two ADH4 Variations in a Swedish Cluster Headache Case-Control Material.

Background: Cluster headache (CH) is a severe neurovascular disorder and an increasing amount of evidence points to a genetic contribution to this disease. When CH was first described, it was observed that alcohol may precipitate an attack during the active phase of the disease. The alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) gene encodes an enzyme which contributes to the metabolization of alcohol and is, therefore, an interesting candidate gene for CH.

Prevalence of migraine headache in an in-patient stroke population.

Introduction: Migraine, especially with aura, is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated descriptive data and prevalence of migraine in an in-patient stroke population.

Materials And Methods: Patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (CVD) admitted to the stroke unit during a 6-month period were recruited.

Migraine and olfactory stimuli.

Migraine patients often report intolerance to odours. Migraineurs report odours may trigger attacks, that they experience osmophobia during attacks, and olfactory hypersensitivity between attacks. In this paper we discuss olfactory mechanisms in migraine.