Comparative Study of Gleason 7 (3+4) and (4+3) Prostatic Adenocarcinomas with Prognostic Criteria and Immunohistochemical Profiles of AMACR, PSA and Ki-67.

Background: To compare Gleason 7 (3+4) and (4+3) prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC) with different prognostic criteria through immunohistochemical analysis with anti-PSA, anti-Ki 67 and anti-AMARC antibodies.

Methods: We analyzed 221 surgical specimens from patients between 40 and 86 years-old (mean=63) with PC. The immunohistochemical study was performed with anti-PSA, anti-Ki 67 and anti-AMARC.

Development of nerves and vessels in the penis during the human fetal period.

Introduction: Although nerves and vessels of the penis play important role in erection, there are few studies on their development in human fetus. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to analyze, quantitatively, in the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum, the development of the nerves and vessels in the fetal penis at different gestational ages.

Material And Methods: Fifty-six fresh, macroscopically normal human fetuses aged from 13 to 36 weeks post-conception (WPC) were used.

Effects of chronic restraint stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of chronic stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats.

Methods: Thirty-two male rats were assigned into four groups depending on the type of treatment (control or stressed) and the age at which stress was initiated (prepubertal or adult). Restraint stress stimuli were applied for six weeks.

Effects of chronic stress on bladder morphology of rats and impact of comfort food diet as an ameliorating agent.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of chronic stress on bladder morphology and the impact of food preference (standard or comfort foods) on the bladder of stressed rats.

Methods: In total, 32 Wistar male rats (3 months old) were divided into four groups: control (C), stressed (S), control + comfort food (C + CF), and stressed + comfort food (S + CF). Groups C and C + CF were maintained under normal conditions, while groups S and S + CF were subjected to chronic stress by the restraint method.

Effects of comfort food diet on the penile morphology of stressed rats.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of chronic stress, associated or not with comfort food, on the morphology of the penis.

Materials & Methods: Thirty-two adult Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: Control group (C), receiving standard rat chow, and under normal conditions; Stressed group (S), receiving standard chow, and submitted to stressful situations; Control + comfort food group (C + CF), receiving standard chow and comfort food, and under normal conditions; and Stressed + comfort food group (S + CF), receiving standard chow and comfort food, and submitted to stressful situations. At 10 weeks of age, food supply and stress were initiated.

Abdominal testicular vessel distribution in human fetuses - basis for fowler-Stephens surgery.

Purpose: To analyze the histology and distribution of abdominal testicular vessels in human fetuses Patients and Methods: We studied 19 fetuses (34 testes) ranging in age from 12 to 19 weeks post-conception. The fetuses were evaluated regarding crown-rump length (CRL), total length (TL) and body weight immediately before dissection. Each testis was dissected and embedded in paraffin, from which 5 μm thick sections were obtained and stained with Masson's trichrome and Anti-CD31 antibody to quantify the vessels.

Effects of dutasteride and tamsulosin on penile morphology in a rodent model.

Purpose: To evaluate the penile morphology after the isolated and combined administration of dutasteride and tamsulosin in a rodent model.

Materials And Methods: Forty male rats were assigned into the following groups: Control group (C, receiving distilled water, n=10); Dutasteride group (D, receiving 0.5 mg/Kg/day of dutasteride, n=10); Tamsulosin group (T, receiving 0.

Histomorphometric comparison of the corpus cavernosum of rats submitted to euthanasia with ketamine and xylazine or isoflurane.

Purpose: To compare the penile histoarchitecture of rats euthanized with isoflurane or with ketamine and xylazine.

Methods: Fourteen male rats were divided into two groups: ISO, with animals euthanized with isoflurane; and K+X, with animals euthanized with ketamine (150 mg/kg) associated with xylazine (15 mg/kg). Immediately after the death, the penises were dissected, fixed in a 4% buffered formalin solution, and processed for histomorphometric analysis.

Inguinoscrotal stage of testicular descent: analysis in 217 human fetuses.

Background: Testicular descent is a complex process of relevant importance for the comprehension of cryptorchidism. Studies about the inguinoscrotal stage of testicular migration correlating the testicular position with fetal parameters are rare in the literature. Our hypothesis is that the transition of the testis by the inguinal canal is a very fast process and occurs at the end of the third gestational trimester.

Morphology of the fetal renal pelvis during the second trimester: Comparing genders.

Objectives: Many studies of neonates have shown that renal pelvis ectasia is more common in boys. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are structural differences in the renal pelvis between male and female fetuses in the second trimester of gestation.

Material And Methods: We studied 34 renal pelvises obtained from 34 human fetuses (17 males and 17 females), ranging in age from 13 to 23 weeks postconception.

Structural Analysis of the Bulbospongiosus Muscle in Patients With Bulbar Urethral Strictures.

Objective: To characterize the bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM) in patients with bulbar urethral strictures.

Materials And Methods: We studied 21 patients divided into 2 groups: Stricture Group (n = 14; mean age = 62.00 years) with bulbar stricture submitted to open urethroplasty; and Control Group (n = 7; mean age = 60.

Expression of stromal elements of prostatic adenocarcinoma in different gleason scores.

Purpose: To quantify and compare the expression of stromal elements in prostate adenocarcinoma of different Gleason scores with non-tumor area (control).

Methods: We obtained 132 specimens from samples of prostate peripheral and transition zone. We analyzed the following elements of the extracellular matrix: collagen fibers, elastic system, smooth muscle fibers and blood vessels.

Effects of the dutasteride and sildenafil association in the penis of a benign prostatic hyperplasia animal model.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether concomitant treatment of dutasteride and sildenafil could prevent structural changes in the penis of a BPH rodent model.

Methods: Thirty-two adult male rats were divided into the following groups: Ctrl, untreated control rats; BPH, untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs); BPH + D, SHRs treated with dutasteride; and BPH + DS, SHRs treated with dutasteride and sildenafil. All treatments were performed during 40 days, following which the penises were collected for histomorphometrical analysis.

Evaluation of the effects of chronic stress applied from the prepubertal to the adult stages or only during adulthood on penile morphology in rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic stress from the prepubertal to the adult stages or during adulthood on penile morphology in rats. The animals were immobilized in a cylinder for 2 h daily for a total of six weeks to simulate stress. Ten rats were exposed to stress stimulus beginning from the prepubertal age, while nine rats were exposed to stress stimulus only during adulthood.

Immediate and Late Effects of Stress on Kidneys of Prepubertal and Adult Rats.

Background/aims: Stress had been related to physiological and morphological alterations in different organs, however kidney morphology and function after stress conditions are not well-known. To evaluate the effects of chronic stress on renal morphology in prepubertal and adult rats, and to investigate if the effects of induced stress remain stable or worsen following removal of the stress stimuli.

Methods: Forty prepubertal rats (4 weeks old) and thirty six adult rats (10 weeks old) were used.

Resveratrol attenuates metabolic, sperm, and testicular changes in adult Wistar rats fed a diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates.

High-fat diets affect male reproduction and sexual function. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of prolonged resveratrol administration on the metabolic, sperm, and testicular parameters of rats fed a cafeteria diet. Male Wistar rats were divided at weaning into control (C, n = 20) and cafeteria (CAF, n = 16) groups.

The corpus cavernosum after treatment with dutasteride or finasteride: A histomorphometric study in a benign prostatic hyperplasia rodent model.

Erectile dysfunction is a common side effect of finasteride and dutasteride treatments. The objective of this study was to investigate the structural changes in the penis using a benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rodent model treated with dutasteride or finasteride. Sixty male rats were divided into the following groups: C, untreated control rats; C + D, control rats receiving dutasteride; C + F, control rats receiving finasteride; H, untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs); H + D, SHRs treated with dutasteride; and H + F, SHRs treated with finasteride.

Effects of Vitamin D Restricted Diet Administered during Perinatal and Postnatal Periods on the Penis of Wistar Rats.

Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women and infants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D restricted diet on the rats offspring penis morphology. Mother rats received either standard diet (SC) or vitamin D restricted (VitD) diet.

What Is the Best Way to Prepare A Buccal Mucosa Graft for Urethroplasty? A Histology-Based Preliminary Report.

Purpose: To evaluate the histological characteristics of buccal mucosa samples prepared using different dissection techniques.

Methods: The buccal mucosae harvested from 9 men submitted to a substitution urethroplasty were used in this study. Biopsy specimens of buccal mucosae were grouped according to the macroscopic appearance after dissection: Group 1 - yellowish appearance (minimal dissection), Group 2 - whitish appearance (more aggressive dissection), and Group 3 - translucent appearance (ultra-aggressive dissection).

Mannitol reduces nephron loss after warm renal ischemia in a porcine model.

Background: Mannitol has been employed to ameliorate renal warm ischemia damage during partial nephrectomy, however, there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of mannitol during partial nephrectomy. The objective of the present study was to investigate the glomerular number after renal warm ischemia, with and without the use of mannitol in a Pig Model.

Methods: Twenty-four male pigs were assigned into three groups.

Immediate and late effects of chronic stress in the testes of prepubertal and adult rats.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic stress on the testes of prepubertal and adult rats and to evaluate whether any alterations could be reversed when stress induction is ended. Seventy-six male rats were assigned to eight groups depending on the type of treatment (control or stressed), the age at which stress was initiated (prepubertal or adult), and the time of evaluation (immediate or late). Stress stimuli were applied for 6 weeks.

Histological and quantitative analyzes of the stromal and acinar components of normal human prostate zones.

Background: McNeal divided the human prostate into three major anatomical areas: the peripheral zone (PZ), the central zone (CZ), and the transition zone (TZ). Each of these areas is biologically and histologically distinct. The PZ and TZ have clinical significance and are associated with prostate cancer (PC) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), respectively.

Prenatal and/or postnatal high-fat diet alters testicular parameters in adult Wistar Albino rats.

Here, we evaluated the effects of a high-fat diet during the prenatal and/or postnatal period on the metabolic parameters and testes of 4-month-old Wistar rats. The experimental groups, composed of male Wistar rats, were: C/C (n=8), HF/HF (n=8) (pups with the same diet as their dams, after weaning), C/HF (n=8), and HF/C (n=9) (pups with a different diet after weaning, from that of their dams). The biometric parameters, blood glucose levels, serum levels, the gonadosomatic index, sperm parameters, testes, and genital fat deposits were evaluated.

Study of Testicular Structure in Fetuses with Prune Belly Syndrome.

Purpose: To compare the structure of the testis in fetuses with prune belly syndrome (PBS) to normal controls.

Materials And Methods: We studied 6 testes obtained from 3 fetuses with PBS and 14 testes from 7 male fetuses. The testicular specimens were cut into 5-m thick sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), to observe the seminiferous tubules; Weigert's solution to observe elastic fibers; and picrosirius red to observe collagen.