Injuries associated with teacher assaults: magnitude, nature, cost, and outcome.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the magnitude, nature, and costs of assault injuries among teachers, a high-risk group. Review of assault cases (N = 341) was based on internal and case management vendor records. The 3-year assault rate was 3.

Risks and protective factors associated with symptoms of depression in low-income African American and Caucasian women during pregnancy.

This article describes the risks and protective factors for symptoms of depression in pregnancy among low-income African American and Caucasian women. Data were collected from 130 women who were between 16 and 28 weeks' gestation and enrolled in an urban prenatal clinic. The questionnaires used in the face-to-face interviews consisted of sociodemographic items, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP), 3 items from the Jarel Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Spiritual Perspective Scale, and 4 items on health risk behaviors.

Weight loss and weight loss maintenance in African-American women.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with weight loss and weight loss maintenance in 23 African American women participating in a 32-week lifestyle enhancement awareness program (LEAP), 16 weekly sessions on weight loss and 16 weekly sessions on weight loss maintenance. A pre-test, post-test one group design was used. Measures included dietary readiness to lose weight, bioelectrical impedance analysis, lipid levels, blood pressure, waist/hip ratio, weight, height, and activity level.

An ecological approach to physical activity in African American women.

Physical activity in women has assumed increasing significance as a policy issue as a result of the release of the 1996 Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health. This report revealed that women in the United States were less likely than men to adhere to the recommended guidelines for physical activity. African American women are less likely than white women to participate in leisure time physical activity across age, occupational, and income groups.

Psychological factors influencing cardiovascular risk reduction behavior in low and middle income African-American women.

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death for women, especially, African-American women in the United States. In fact, it is reported that each year, 39% of all deaths in women are from coronary heart disease (CHD). Further, 1 out of every 5 women in the United States have some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Women's health centers and minority women: addressing barriers to care. The National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health.

New models of care delivery have been developed to better coordinate and integrate healthcare for women. In the United States, one of the challenges is to incorporate the needs of racial and ethnic minority populations into these newer care paradigms. This paper begins with a brief historical review of the experience of racial and ethnic minorities in the American healthcare system to provide a context for discussing barriers and limitations of more traditional models of women's healthcare.

Factors influencing participation of African American elders in exercise behavior.

This study was designed to examine factors influencing exercise behavior of older African American adults. Using the Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model and focus group methodology, 103 participants were assigned to gender and stage specific groups of 5 to 12 each. The focus group discussion guide was developed to explore the meaning of health and exercise, and factors that influence exercise behavior for each stage of the model.

Psychosocial factors influencing weight control behavior of African American women.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to seek directly from college-educated African American women factors which they perceived influenced their individual weight control behavior, and those that influenced African American women collectively. Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted, primarily in their homes, with 36 African American women. Thirteen major categories were identified.

The relationship between stress and weight-control behavior in African-American women.

Obesity is a problem for African-American women across all socioeconomic strata. Age-adjusted prevalence of overweight is 48.5% among African-American women compared with 21% among white women.

Stress, women and weight control behavior.

This study explores the relationship between stress and weight control behavior in four groups of women: African American, European American, Mexican/Mexican American, and Puerto Rican. Data were collected on 111 women between the ages of 23 and 75 using a between-methods triangulation approach in which interview and questionnaire data were collected. The women were involved in various types and levels of weight control behavior.

Worksite stress: gender and cultural diversity issues.

1. Worksite stress has been linked to physical and psychological hazards. by the year 2000, 85% of new entrants into the work force will be women and minorities.

Preventive health practices of African American women.

Preventive health practices of African American women (AAW) have been little studied. This study explores the participation of middle-income AAW in health promotion/disease prevention behavior. In-depth, audiotape, and semi-structured interviews were held with 36 AAW between the ages of 26 and 75 years.

Prevention health practices of African American women.

Prevention health practices of African American Women (AAW) have been little studied. This study explores the participation of middle-income AAW in health promotion/disease prevention behavior. In-depth, audiotape, and semi-structured interviews were held with 36 AAW between the ages of 26 and 75 years.

Stressors in the workplace: community health nurses.

A survey questionnaire based on seven categories of stressors was completed by 67 community health nurses from three community health nursing agencies. Responses identified major sources of stress as factors associated with quantitative work overload, uncooperative family members and clients, unfamiliarity with situations, inability to reach physicians, and personal situations. These findings were corroborated by the nurses' responses to open-ended questions.

Threats to internal validity in worksite health promotion program research: common problems and possible solutions.

Reviews of the research on worksite health promotion programs reveal that most studies are limited in their ability to draw clear inferences about program effects because the studies employed flawed research designs and/or analyses. Conclusions are often drawn about program effectiveness with little consideration given to alternative explanations for the findings. In an effort to promote improved research, this article uses the Cook and Campbell delineation of threats to valid causal inference to illustrate how the threats can operate in worksite health promotion program research as well as how they can be examined and controlled.