Carvedilol induces the antiapoptotic proteins Nrf and Bcl and inhibits cellular apoptosis in aluminum-induced testicular toxicity in male Wistar rats.

The present study was carried out to explore the protective effect of carvedilol (CARV) on aluminum chloride-induced testicular damage in Westar rats. Forty adult male rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats each). Group I (control group) received normal saline; whereas group II animals were supplemented with CARV in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day.

Low-dose Spironolactone: Treatment for Osteoarthritis-related Knee Effusion. A Prospective Clinical and Sonographic-based Study.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of spironolactone as a treatment for osteoarthritis (OA)-related knee effusion in comparison to ibuprofen, cold compresses, and placebo.

Methods: This study was carried out on 200 patients, aged 40 years or older, attending the outpatient clinic of the Rheumatology Department of Sohag University Hospital with unilateral knee effusion related to OA based on clinical examination, musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US), and synovial fluid analysis. In group 1, 50 patients received spironolactone 25 mg daily for 2 weeks; in group 2, 50 patients took ibuprofen 1200 mg daily for 2 weeks; in group 3, 50 patients used cold compresses 2 times daily for 2 weeks; and in group 4, 50 patients received placebo for the same duration.