Preliminary investigation of the effect of oral supplementation of strain SNK12 on mRNA levels of neurotrophic factors and GABA receptors in the hippocampus of mice under stress-free and sub-chronic mild social defeat-stressing conditions.

The effect of SNK12 (CPLP) supplementation on mRNA levels of hippocampal neurotrophic factors and gamma aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA) was tested. In Experiment 1, stress-free, unsupplemented and CPLP (4 × 10 cells/head)-supplemented male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were the experimental animals. In Experiment 2, (male, B6) mice [negative control; unsupplemented, sub-chronic mild social defeat stress (sCSDS)-induced; and CPLP-supplemented, sCSDS-induced] were exposed to mice (adult male Slc:ICR).

Rapid induction of an immune response in rat Peyer's patch after oral administration of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12.

A rapid and sharp immune response induced in Peyer's patches (PPs) by a single gavage of a heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC-12) was demonstrated. EC-12 was observed inside the PPs 2.5 h post administration and induction of TNF-α and CD69 gene expression was observed at the same time.

Improvement of bone strength and dermal thickness due to dietary edible bird's nest extract in ovariectomized rats.

Oral administration of edible bird's nest extract (EBNE) improved bone strength and calcium concentration in the femur of ovariectomized rats. Dermal thickness was also increased by EBNE supplementation, whereas EBNE administration did not affect the serum estradiol concentration. These results suggest that EBNE is effective for the improvement of bone loss and skin aging in postmenopause all women.

Diverse immune responses to orally administered heat-killed cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 in murine immune tissues.

Diverse immune responses to an orally administered heat-killed cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC-12) among jejunal-Peyer's patches (PPs), ileal-PPs, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and spleen were compared by real-time PCR in mice. Intriguingly, distinct responses to EC-12 were observed in the various tissues. This study indicates a site-specific response to orally administered bacteria, particularly in jejunal- and ileal-PPs.

The expression of sialylated high-antennary N-glycans in edible bird's nest.

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is the nest made from the saliva of Collocalia swift. Recently, we have found that EBN extract could strongly inhibit infection of influenza viruses in a host-range-independent manner [Guo, C. T.

Oral administration of a heat-killed cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 stimulates the gene expression of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- co-transporter 1 in rat ileal epithelial cells.

The effect of a heat-killed cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC-12) on the gene expression of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) in intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated by using rats. The NKCC1 gene in ileal epithelial cells was significantly up-regulated by the oral administration of EC-12. The results of this study suggest in vivo that EC-12 had the potential to stimulate intestinal NKCC1 expression.

Edible bird's nest extract inhibits influenza virus infection.

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is the nest of the swift that is made from its saliva. Although EBN has been widely used for enhancing immunocompetence, its antiviral efficacy has not been studied in detail. We found that EBN extract could strongly inhibit infection with influenza viruses in a host range-independent manner when it was hydrolyzed with Pancreatin F.