O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters of : their diversity and similarity to gene clusters and the development of an O-genotyping method.

is a recently recognized human enteropathogen that is closely related to . In many Gram-negative bacteria, including , O-antigen variation has long been used for the serotyping of strains. In , while eight O-serotypes unique to this species have been identified, some strains have been shown to exhibit genetic or serological similarity to known / O-serotypes.

Epidemiological Aspects of Outbreaks in Japan and Genetic Characteristics of the Causative Pathogen.

Zoonotic pathogen has been identified as the cause of several human disease outbreaks; however, factors such as the general symptoms and incubation period of infection have yet to be defined. Therefore, we aimed to determine the unique aspects of outbreaks in Japan and to examine the genetic characteristics of the causative pathogen. We studied all known outbreaks that occurred in Japan up until 2015, which consisted of five confirmed outbreaks and one putative outbreak (Outbreaks 1-6).

Non-biogroup 1 or 2 Strains of the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen , Their Proposed Assignment to Biogroup 3, and Their Commonly Detected Characteristics.

, a zoonotic enteropathogen, is responsible for outbreaks of disease in humans. Identifying strains of by phenotypic characterization tests is difficult because of its poorly defined properties. Screening its phenotypic characteristics is, nevertheless, a necessary prerequisite for further genetic analysis of its properties, and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis can be used to type the pathogen.