Altered pharmacokinetics of cationic drugs caused by down-regulation of renal rat organic cation transporter 2 (Slc22a2) and rat multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (Slc47a1) in ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.

In the proximal tubules of rat (r) kidney, the polyspecific organic cation transporters (OCTs), rOCT1 and rOCT2, mediate the baso-lateral uptake of various organic cations, including many drugs, toxins, and endogenous compounds, and the apical type of H(+)/ organic cation antiporter, rat multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (rMATE1), mediate the efflux of organic cations. Renal clearances of H(2) receptor antagonists, including famotidine, were reported to be decreased in patients with kidney disease. Therefore, acute kidney injury (AKI) could influence renal excretion and disposition of organic cations accompanied by the regulation of organic cation transporters.

Miniature surface-plasmon resonance immunosensors--rapid and repetitive procedure.

Miniaturized immunosensors based on surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) have been developed by using the sensor recently developed by Texas Instruments. By using this sensor for human immunoglobulin G (IgG) rapid and repetitive measurements could be performed by alternate injection of sample and glycine-HCl buffer. A sensor for human serum albumin (HSA) could also be developed similarly.