AKI Associated with Acute Pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis is a common disorder of the pancreas. It is the most frequent gastrointestinal cause for hospitalization and one of the leading causes of in-hospital deaths. Its severity ranges from mild self-limited disease to severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis characterized by systemic complications and multiorgan failure.

Vascular access mortality and hospitalization among hemodialysis patients in Palestine.

Vascular access complications are common in patients with end-stage kidney disease who are receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and are responsible for an enormous burden of morbidity and mortality among these patients. Differences in the all-cause mortality rate and hospitalization between dialysis catheter use and arteriovenous (AV) vascular access use have not been documented in our HD population. We performed a 12-month prospective analysis of our HD patients from four dialysis centers.

Dyslipidemia in Dialysis Patients.

Dyslipidemia is a well-established traditional risk factor for cardiovascular events in the general population, particularly those with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this population, reductions in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are effective in reducing coronary artery events and mortality. Dyslipidemia is more common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is believed to contribute to the high prevalence of CVD in these patients.

Treatment of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with ergocalciferol is associated with reduced vascular access dysfunction in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is highly prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to determine the relationship between vitamin D and frequency of vascular access dysfunction (VAD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We reviewed medical records of all HD patients who had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels at 4 outpatient dialysis facilities between January 2011 and January 2012.

Effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on potassium lowering for 28 days among outpatients with hyperkalemia: the HARMONIZE randomized clinical trial.

Importance: Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte abnormality that may be difficult to manage because of a lack of effective therapies. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is a nonabsorbed cation exchanger that selectively binds potassium in the intestine.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of zirconium cyclosilicate for 28 days in patients with hyperkalemia.

Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron-deficiency anemia and impaired renal function: the REPAIR-IDA trial.

Background: Iron-deficiency anemia in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) frequently requires parenteral iron replacement, but existing therapies often require multiple administrations. We evaluated the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), a non-dextran parenteral iron permitting large single-dose infusions, versus iron sucrose in patients with iron-deficiency anemia and NDD-CKD.

Methods: A total of 2584 participants were randomized to two doses of FCM 750 mg in one week, or iron sucrose 200 mg administered in up to five infusions in 14 days.

A randomized controlled trial comparing intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with oral iron for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia of non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients.

Background: Iron deficiency is a common cause of anaemia and hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) patients. Current intravenous iron agents cannot be administered in a single high dose because of adverse effects. Ferric carboxymaltose, a non-dextran parenteral iron preparation, can be rapidly administered in high doses.

The efficacy and safety of current intravenous iron preparations for the management of iron-deficiency anaemia: a review.

Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a major health problem worldwide, but responds well to iron supplementation. New approaches are leading to more effective management of this condition. Iron deficiency (ID) is usually suspected in at-risk patients with declining haemoglobin (Hb) levels and then confirmed by measuring serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation.

Cardiovascular calcification in nondialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major health-care problem of global proportions. Progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the need for renal replacement therapy, and the high annual death rate of dialysis patients are the most noticeable outcomes of CKD. Less appreciated, however, is the fact that most patients with CKD actually die mainly from cardiovascular disease, rather than progress to ESRD.

The CARE study and cardiovascular calcification.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major mortality risk in dialysis patients, accounting for almost 50 percent of deaths. Risk is related to the increased prevalence of traditional risk factors for CVD and to the contribution of abnormalities in mineral metabolism as well as cardiovascular calcification. Hyperphosphatemia invariably is present among patients with end-stage renal disease and is becoming an increasingly important clinical entity.

Reducing the burden of cardiovascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher burden of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease compared with age- and gender-matched individuals with normal renal function. Cardiovascular calcification (CVC), a marker of atherosclerosis, is also more prevalent in these patients and is associated with serious clinical consequences. The pathogenesis of CVC is complex and includes factors that promote calcification and others that inhibit calcification.

Cardiovascular calcification in Hispanic Americans (HA) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to type 2 diabetes.

Background: Cardiovascular calcification (CVC) is common and severe in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. However, the prevalence and severity of CVC is less well documented in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not yet on dialysis.

Methods: Fifty-eight nondialyzed HA with type 2 diabetes and CKD were enrolled.

Dyslipidemia and progression of cardiovascular calcification (CVC) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Dyslipidemia and progression of cardiovascular calcification (CVC) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Cardiovascular calcification (CVC) is commonly encountered both in the general population as well as in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The etiology of CVC in patients with ESRD is multifactorial.

Treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis.

Treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis. Hyperphosphatemia in patients with ESRD leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and is independently associated with mortality risk. The exact mechanism by which hyperphosphatemia increases mortality risk is unknown, but it may relate to enhanced cardiovascular calcification.

Acid loading during treatment with sevelamer hydrochloride: mechanisms and clinical implications.

Short-term and long-term studies indicate that patients treated with sevelamer hydrochloride have lower serum bicarbonate levels than patients treated with calcium-containing phosphate binders. This observation has previously been attributed to withdrawal of a source of base with discontinuation of calcium carbonate or calcium acetate. However, understanding of the chemistry of sevelamer hydrochloride suggests at least three potential mechanisms whereby it might induce a dietary acid load.

Treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis: results of the CARE study.

Most patients with end-stage renal disease develop hyperphosphatemia because their dietary intake exceeds phosphorus elimination by intermittent thrice-weekly dialysis. Inadequately treated hyperphosphatemia plays a central role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and extraosseous calcification. Moreover, in the last 15 years, this biochemical abnormality has become increasingly important following the publication of two epidemiologic studies that demonstrated an association between elevated serum phosphorus and increased mortality risk in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Consequences of hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Hyperphosphatemia is invariably present among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is becoming an increasingly important clinical entity. Despite concerted efforts by patients, dietitians, and nephrologists to control serum phosphorus, a recent study by Block et al found that more than 60% of patients on hemodialysis in the United States have serum phosphorus levels above the recommended goal of 5.5 mg/dL.

Treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients: The Calcium Acetate Renagel Evaluation (CARE Study).

Background: Hyperphosphatemia underlies development of hyperparathyroidism, osteodystrophy, extraosseous calcification, and is associated with increased mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: To determine whether calcium acetate or sevelamer hydrochloride best achieves recently recommended treatment goals of phosphorus View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Kaposi's sarcoma in Sudanese renal transplant recipients: a report from a single center.

Background: The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in Sudanese renal transplant recipients is not known.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed the prevalence of KS in 30 Sudanese renal transplant recipients followed for 16 years.

Results: Four patients (13.

Calcium salts in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients.

Purpose Of Review: Hyperphosphatemia in patients with end-stage renal disease leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy, and is independently associated with mortality risk. How hyperphosphatemia increases mortality risk is unknown but it may promote cardiovascular calcification. It is recommended that dialysis patients be treated to maintain normal serum phosphorus.

Cardiovascular calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease: a century-old phenomenon.

The mortality risk from cardiovascular disease is increased in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is due to both traditional and dialysis-specific factors. Recently, a number of the dialysis-specific risk factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular calcification.