Predicting remission following CBT for childhood anxiety disorders: a machine learning approach.

Background: The identification of predictors of treatment response is crucial for improving treatment outcome for children with anxiety disorders. Machine learning methods provide opportunities to identify combinations of factors that contribute to risk prediction models.

Methods: A machine learning approach was applied to predict anxiety disorder remission in a large sample of 2114 anxious youth (5-18 years).

Validation of the Parent-report Pandemic Anxiety Scale (PAS-P) in the context of COVID-19.

Unlabelled: To be able to develop effective policy and targeted support for children and young people, it is vital to develop and validate measures that enable us to understand what aspects of pandemics are associated with anxiety and stress across a wide age range. We examined the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Anxiety Scale- Parent-report (PAS-P), which measures levels of child and adolescent pandemic-related anxieties. Factor structure, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of the PAS-P was assessed in a convenience sample of parents/carers (= 8410) over at three time points in 2020 when COVID-19 case rates and restrictions varied.

Linking stomatal size and density to water use efficiency and leaf carbon isotope ratio in juvenile and mature trees.

Water-use efficiency (WUE) is affected by multiple leaf traits, including stomatal morphology. However, the impact of stomatal morphology on WUE across different ontogenetic stages of tree species is not well-documented. Here, we investigated the relationship between stomatal morphology, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and leaf carbon isotope ratio (δC).

Intensive treatments for children and adolescents with anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders have a significant negative impact on youth. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is recommended and established as effective first-step treatment, but persistent symptoms and non-response are common. Intensive psychological treatments deliver more or longer sessions over a shorter time span, with fewer session gaps.

Cognitive and behavioural processes in adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Background: A better understanding of the processes that maintain social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents could improve treatment outcomes. This study aimed to establish whether cognitive and behavioural processes known to be important in the maintenance of adult SAD are observed in adolescent populations and whether they are specific to SAD.

Methods: We recruited three groups of adolescents (12-18y): (1) 90 adolescents with a SAD diagnosis, (2) 58 adolescents with an anxiety disorder that was not SAD, and (3) 45 community-based adolescents.

Moderators of the Effects of a Digital Parenting Intervention on Child Conduct and Emotional Problems Implemented During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Secondary Analysis of Data From the Supporting Parents and Kids Through Lockdown Experiences (SPARKLE) Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: A smartphone app, Parent Positive, was developed to help parents manage their children's conduct and emotional problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. A randomized controlled trial, Supporting Parents and Kids Through Lockdown Experiences (SPARKLE), found Parent Positive to be effective in reducing children's emotional problems. However, app effectiveness may be influenced by a range of child, family, socioeconomic, and pandemic-related factors.

Patterns of sub-optimal change following CBT for childhood anxiety.

Background: Children and adolescents demonstrate diverse patterns of symptom change and disorder remission following cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders. To better understand children who respond sub-optimally to CBT, this study investigated youths (N = 1,483) who continued to meet criteria for one or more clinical anxiety diagnosis immediately following treatment or at any point during the 12 months following treatment.

Methods: Data were collected from 10 clinical sites with assessments at pre-and post-treatment and at least once more at 3, 6 or 12-month follow-up.

Coordinated hydraulic traits influence the two phases of time to hydraulic failure in five temperate tree species differing in stomatal stringency.

Worldwide, forests are increasingly exposed to extreme droughts causing tree mortality. Because of the complex nature of the mechanisms involved, various traits have been linked to tree drought responses with contrasting results. This may be due to species-specific strategies in regulating water potential, a process that unfolds in two distinct phases: a first phase until stomatal closure, and a second phase until reaching lethal xylem hydraulic thresholds.

Changes to sleep patterns and insomnia symptoms following cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adolescents.

Background: It is unclear whether treatment for an anxiety disorder improves sleep. This study examined baseline sleep characteristics of adolescents with an anxiety disorder, comparing weekdays and weekends, and whether there were significant improvements in sleep following cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT).

Aims: To improve our understanding of sleep problems in adolescents with an anxiety disorder and examine whether CBT for the treatment of the anxiety disorder improves sleep.

The relationship between dissociation and panic symptoms in adolescence and the exploration of potential mediators.

Background: Dissociative experiences have been linked to panic symptoms in adolescents, yet the nature of the association remains unclear.

Methods: In the present study, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between dissociative experiences (focusing on the felt sense of anomaly subtype) and panic, as well as the potential mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies (expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal), alexithymia, and cognitive appraisals of dissociation. Four thousand five hundred one adolescents aged 13-18 years were recruited via social media advertising to take part in an online survey at two timepoints, 1 month apart.

Development of a culturally targeted chatbot to inform living kidney donor candidates of African ancestry about APOL1 genetic testing: a mixed methods study.

Clinical chatbots are increasingly used to help integrate genetic testing into clinical contexts, but no chatbot exists for Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic testing of living kidney donor (LKD) candidates of African ancestry. Our study aimed to culturally adapt and assess perceptions of the Gia® chatbot to help integrate APOL1 testing into LKD evaluation. Ten focus groups and post-focus group surveys were conducted with 54 LKDs, community members, and kidney transplant recipients of African ancestry.

Digitally augmented, parent-led CBT versus treatment as usual for child anxiety problems in child mental health services in England and Northern Ireland: a pragmatic, non-inferiority, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness randomised controlled trial.

Background: Anxiety problems are common in children, yet few affected children access evidence-based treatment. Digitally augmented psychological therapies bring potential to increase availability of effective help for children with mental health problems. This study aimed to establish whether therapist-supported, digitally augmented, parent-led cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) could increase the efficiency of treatment without compromising clinical effectiveness and acceptability.

Measuring dissociation across adolescence and adulthood: developing the short-form Černis Felt Sense of Anomaly scale (ČEFSA-14).

Background: Dissociation may be important across many mental health disorders, but has been variously conceptualised and measured. We introduced a conceptualisation of a common type of dissociative experience, 'felt sense of anomaly' (FSA), and developed a corresponding measure, the Černis Felt Sense of Anomaly (ČEFSA) scale.

Aims: We aimed to develop a short-form version of the ČEFSA that is valid for adolescent and adult respondents.

Examining Children and adolescent mental health trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a year of the Co-SPACE study.

Background: A major concern throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has been on young people's experiences with mental health. In this study we mapped children and adolescents' mental health trajectories over 13 months of the pandemic and examine whether family, peer, and individual-level factors were associated with trajectory membership.

Methods: This study focuses on a sub-sample from the Co-SPACE study of 3322 children and adolescents (aged 4-16 years) for whom parents completed a survey at Time 0 and at least one follow-up survey between March 2020 and May 2021.

Changes in UK pre-schooler's mental health symptoms over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from Co-SPYCE study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption to the lives of children and their families. Pre-school children may have been particularly vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic, with the closure of childcare facilities, playgrounds, playcentres and parent and toddler groups limiting their opportunities for social interaction at a crucial stage of development. Additionally, for parents working from home, caring for pre-school aged children who require high levels of support and care, was likely challenging.

Plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic efficiency and safety is linked to evaporative demand and not soil moisture in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis).

The predicted increase of drought intensity in South-East Asia has raised concern about the sustainability of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) cultivation.

The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of a Universal Digital Parenting Intervention Designed and Implemented During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From a Rapid-Implementation Randomized Controlled Trial Within a Cohort.

Background: Children's conduct and emotional problems increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: We tested whether a smartphone parenting support app, Parent Positive, developed specifically for this purpose, reversed these effects in a cost-effective way. Parent Positive includes 3 zones.

Developing an understanding of the relationship between anxiety and dissociation in adolescence.

Anxiety is a common problem in adolescence which is hypothesised to be associated with dissociation, a range of distressing symptoms linked to reduced psychosocial functioning. Yet, to date, research into the mechanisms of dissociation in adolescents has been limited. The present study investigated the link between trait anxiety and dissociative experiences (depersonalisation and 'felt sense of anomaly') using an online survey.

Is Orthognathic Correction with TMJ Preservation A Stable Treatment Option for Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term skeletal stability of orthognathic correction of dentofacial deformities secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in individuals without total alloplastic joint reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: The investigators designed and implemented a retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with JIA who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. To evaluate the long-term skeletal changes, the maxillary palatal plane to mandibular plane angle, anterior facial height, and posterior facial height measurements were evaluated through cephalograms.

Using evidence-based psychological approaches to accommodation anomalies.

Introduction: Accommodation anomalies are frequently caused or exacerbated by psychological problems such as anxiety. Patients share many features with those with other anxiety based somatic symptoms such as stomach-ache, palpitations and headaches. They can be difficult to treat, and the ophthalmic literature rarely goes beyond diagnosis and ocular treatment.

A randomised controlled trial to compare clinical and cost-effectiveness of an online parent-led treatment for child anxiety problems with usual care in the context of COVID-19 delivered in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the UK (Co-CAT): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: In the context of COVID-19, NHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and other children's mental health services have faced major challenges in providing psychological treatments that (i) work when delivered remotely and (ii) can be delivered efficiently to manage increases in referrals as social distancing measures have been relaxed. Anxiety problems are a common reason for referral to CAMHS, children with pre-existing anxiety problems are particularly vulnerable in the context of COVID-19, and there were concerns about increases in childhood anxiety as schools reopened. The proposed research will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a brief online parent-led cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) delivered by the OSI (Online Support and Intervention for child anxiety) platform with remote support from a CAMHS therapist compared to 'COVID-19 treatment as usual' (C-TAU) in CAMHS and other children's mental health services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the moment social experiences and perceptions of children with social anxiety disorder: A qualitative study.

Objectives: Childhood social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common and disabling condition. General forms of cognitive behavioural treatments have demonstrated poorer efficacy for childhood SAD when compared to other childhood anxiety disorders and further understanding of the psychological factors that contribute to the maintenance of childhood SAD is warranted. Examining the social experiences of children with SAD may help to identify relevant psychological factors and increase our understanding of what keeps childhood SAD going.

Comparison of airway changes after maxillomandibular advancement with or without genial tubercle advancement in obstructive sleep apnea using cone-beam computed tomography.

Introduction: This study compared the airway changes of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) with or without genial tubercle advancement (GTA) using cone-beam computed tomography.

Methods: The authors retrospectively studied 26 patients with moderate to severe OSA who underwent MMA with or without GTA. Airway changes were determined from preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional reconstructed cone-beam computed tomography images.