Interaction Between Early Meals (Big-Breakfast Diet), Clock Gene mRNA Expression, and Gut Microbiome to Regulate Weight Loss and Glucose Metabolism in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

The circadian clock gene system plays a pivotal role in coordinating the daily rhythms of most metabolic processes. It is synchronized with the light-dark cycle and the eating-fasting schedule. Notably, the interaction between meal timing and circadian clock genes (CGs) allows for optimizing metabolic processes at specific times of the day.

Autosomal Dominant, Long-Standing Dysglycemia in 2 Families with Unique Phenotypic Features.

We describe 2 families with 5 members from 2 generations whose clinical and laboratory characteristics over up to 15 years were consistent with dysglycemia/impaired glucose tolerance. In both families (2 probands and 3 family members), long-term follow-up excluded diabetes type 1 and type 2. Diabetes type 1 antibodies were persistently negative and C-peptide levels were normal.

Influence of Fasting until Noon (Extended Postabsorptive State) on Clock Gene mRNA Expression and Regulation of Body Weight and Glucose Metabolism.

The trend of fasting until noon (omission or delayed breakfast) is increasingly prevalent in modern society. This eating pattern triggers discordance between endogenous circadian clock rhythms and the feeding/fasting cycle and is associated with an increased incidence of obesity and T2D. Although the underlying mechanism of this association is not well understood, growing evidence suggests that fasting until noon, also known as an "extended postabsorptive state", has the potential to cause a deleterious effect on clock gene expression and to disrupt regulation of body weight, postprandial and overall glycemia, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and appetite, and may also lead to lower energy expenditure.

Curalin supplement for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of Curalin supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Adult patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized 1:1 to receive Curalin supplement or placebo. The primary endpoint was HbA1c decrease at 1 month.

Alcohol Drinks Induce Acute Lowering in Circulating l-Arginine in Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.

Since low serum -arginine (Arg) and high asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) can predict microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we tested whether Arg and ADMA are affected by diet and physical activity in overweight/obese and T2DM subjects. We tested the effects on serum Arg and ADMA of single loads of dextrose, protein, fat, or alcohol (∼300 calories each); one episode of physical exercise; and 12 weeks of standard lifestyle modification (dietary and physical activity counseling). Alcohol drink was followed by ∼30% lowering in Arg.

NRD.E1, an innovative non-opioid therapy for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy-A randomized proof of concept study.

Background: Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) affects up to 26% of patients with diabetes mellitus, with major impacts on their general health and well-being. Most available drugs fail to deliver acceptable pain reduction in the majority of patients and are often poorly tolerated. NRD.

Finerenone in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes According to Baseline HbA1c and Insulin Use: An Analysis From the FIDELIO-DKD Study.

Objective: Finerenone significantly improved cardiorenal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease trial. We explored whether baseline HbA1c level and insulin treatment influenced outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: Patients with T2D, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30-5,000 mg/g, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25 to <75 mL/min/1.

[THE CHALLENGE OF HEALTHY AGING WITH DIABETES: THE ISRAELI NATIONAL DIABETES COUNCIL GUIDELINES FOR TREATING OLDER PEOPLE].

The prevalence of diabetes increases with age. Diabetes is a risk factor for many complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, stroke, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Data from recent years indicate that it is also a risk factor for cognitive impairment, dementia, functional disability and frailty.

[COMPARISON OF A RECOMMENDATION FOR A DESIRABLE HBA1C VALUE BY INTERNAL WARD PHYSICIANS, DIABETES PHYSICIANS AND AN APPLICATION, FOR DIABETES PATIENTS DISCHARGED FROM HOSPITALIZATION IN AN INTERNAL WARD].

Introduction: In the present study we demonstrated that there are no clinically significant differences in the recommendations of the various factors that were examined as for the determination of a desirable HbA1c goal for diabetes patients who are discharged from an internal ward.

Aims: To examine and compare the desirable HbA1c value recommended by internal ward physicians for diabetics who are discharged from hospitalization, to the target set by diabetes physicians, and compare them to the application "A1c target".

Background: The approach to diabetes treatment requires the setting of a desirable individual HbA1c balancing goal for each patient.

Association between estimated GFR and incident hypoglycaemia during hospitalization.

Background: Kidney function is a significant factor associated with increased incidence of hypoglycaemia, especially among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We here quantified the association between elevated creatinine and incident hypoglycaemia among patients admitted to internal medicine departments, with and without DM.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort analysis study.

Serum from type 2 diabetes patients consuming a three-meal diet resets circadian rhythms in cultured hepatocytes.

Aims: Feeding regimens alter circadian rhythms in peripheral tissues, but the mechanism is not understood. We aimed to study whether soluble factors, rather than neuronal-based communication, directly influence circadian rhythms in the liver, in response to a nutritional treatment in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Methods: Cultured hepatocytes were treated with serum of insulin-treated T2D patients following either a three-meal diet (3Mdiet) or six-meal diet (6Mdiet) and the circadian expression of clock and metabolic genes was measured.

Role of High Energy Breakfast "Big Breakfast Diet" in Clock Gene Regulation of Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes.

Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is strongly linked with the future development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hence, reducing postprandial glycemic excursions is essential in T2D treatment to slow progressive deficiency of β-cell function and prevent cardiovascular complications. Most of the metabolic processes involved in PPHG, i.

Correction to: Hypoglycemia, Malnutrition and Body Composition.

The original version of this chapter was inadvertently published with a subtitle which was a duplication of the chapter title.

Hypoglycemia, Malnutrition and Body Composition.

Hypoglycemia is one of the most significant factors to affect prognosis, and is detrimental to patients regardless of diabetes mellitus (DM) status. The classical paradigms dictate that hypoglycemia is a result of overtreatment with glucose lowering agents (iatrogenic hypoglycemia), or, as among patients without DM, this condition is attributed to disease severity. New information shows that hypoglycemia occurs among patients that have a tendency for it.

Systemic Treatment With Glucocorticoids Is Associated With Incident Hypoglycemia and Mortality: A Historical Prospective Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the increased glycemic variability associated with systemic glucocorticoid treatment is also associated with increased incidence of hypoglycemia.

Methods: All patients discharged from internal medicine units between 2010 and 2013 were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were assigned to 3 groups: Group 1: no steroids were prescribed;.

Reduction in Glycated Hemoglobin and Daily Insulin Dose Alongside Circadian Clock Upregulation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Consuming a Three-Meal Diet: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and progressive β-cell failure require treatment with high insulin doses, leading to weight gain. Our aim was to study whether a three-meal diet (3Mdiet) with a carbohydrate-rich breakfast may upregulate clock gene expression and, as a result, allow dose reduction of insulin, leading to weight loss and better glycemic control compared with an isocaloric six-meal diet (6Mdiet).

Research Design And Methods: Twenty-eight volunteers with diabetes (BMI 32.

Effect of Once-Weekly Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With and Without Heart Failure and Heart Failure-Related Outcomes: Insights From the EXSCEL Trial.

Background: Once-weekly exenatide (EQW) had a neutral effect on hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in the EXSCEL study (Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering), with no differential treatment effect on major adverse cardiac events by baseline heart failure (HF) status. EQW's effects on secondary end points based on HHF status have not been reported. The objective was to explore the effects of EQW on secondary end points in patients with and without baseline HF and test the effects of EQW on recurrent HHF events.

High-Intensity Statins Are Associated With Increased Incidence of Hypoglycemia During Hospitalization of Individuals Not Critically Ill.

Background: Serum cholesterol is inversely associated with incident hypoglycemia among patients admitted to internal medicine wards. We examined the association between statin use and incidence of hypoglycemia among patients who were not critically ill.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included all patients discharged between January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013 from internal medicine units at the Wolfson Medical Center.

Effect of Flash Glucose Monitoring Technology on Glycemic Control and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To assess treatment satisfaction and the effectiveness of a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system in patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes on multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) for at least 1 year were assigned randomly to the FGM intervention ( = 53) or the standard care (control) group ( = 48) and followed for 10 weeks. Both groups were instructed to adjust their insulin doses in face-to-face and telephone visits.

Reduction of serum albumin in non-critically ill patients during hospitalization is associated with incident hypoglycaemia.

Aim: Our study looked at the association between changes in serum albumin (SA) levels during hospitalization and incidence of hypoglycaemia among non-critically ill patients.

Methods: Included were patients discharged from internal medicine units with hospital stays ≤ 14 days. Patients were allocated to three groups: (1) admission SA > 3.

Documented hypoglycemia is associated with poor short and long term prognosis among patients admitted to general internal medicine departments.

Aim: To study the association of documented hypoglycemia with length of stay, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality, among patients with and without diabetes admitted to internal medicine units.

Methods: The electronic medical records of all patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments at E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, between 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2013, were reviewed.

Improved outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control in the cardiac intensive care unit: a retrospective study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. A primary burden of DM is related to its long-term complications, which have been shown to impact the course of hospitalization and to influence patients' outcome.

Aim: To assess the role of in-hospital glucose control on length of stay, 30-days and 1-year mortality.