Radiographic Morphometry of the Lumbar Spine in Munich Miniature Pigs.

The incidence of human spinal column disease remains high, and animal models still play important roles in prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic research. Because of their similar size to humans, pigs remain an important spine model. For pigs to serve as a model for the human spine, basic similarities and differences must be understood.

Computerized measurements of radiographic anatomical parameters of the elbow joint in Bernese Mountain Dogs.

Objective: Comparison of two methods for evaluation of anatomical parameters of elbow joints in Bernese Mountain Dogs.

Study Design: Radiographic analysis.

Animals: Nine hundred and thirty-one radiographs of elbow joints from 305 Bernese Mountain Dogs.

Cartilage thickness of the trochlea of the talus, with emphasis on sites predisposed to osteochondrosis dissecans, in clinically normal juvenile and adult dogs.

Objective: To evaluate cartilage thickness of the talus (especially at sites predisposed to osteochondrosis dissecans [OCD]) in growing and adult dogs not affected with OCD.

Sample: Tarsocrural joints from cadavers of 34 juvenile (approx 3 months old) and 10 adult dogs.

Procedures: Tarsal cartilage thickness was examined via a stereophotography microscopic system.

Anatomy of the collateral ligaments of the feline elbow joint: functional implications.

Cats show a higher capability to supinate their forearms than dogs. This suggests a special arrangement of the collateral ligaments of the feline elbow joint. Therefore, the course of the ligaments was examined in 13 adult cats.

[Case report: an exceptional case of a monozygotic thoracopagus parasiticus in a German Holstein calf].

A black and white German Holstein calf displayed a complex double malformation in shape of a thoracopagus parasiticus. By means of a molecular genetic investigation the genesis of the malformation from one zygote could be demonstrated. Both vertebral columns showed a pronounced lordosis, with the vertebral column of one animal ending in a rudimentary head.

Magnetic resonance measurements of the deviation of the angle of force generated by contraction of the quadriceps muscle in dogs with congenital patellar luxation.

Objective: To measure the quadriceps angle (Q-angle) in dogs with congenital patellar luxation using magnetic resonance (MR) methods.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Thirty-eight client-owned dogs.

[Applied anatomy of the distal "vinculum tendinis" in the fetlock tendon sheath of the hindlimb in cattle].

A relatively thick (diameter approximately 2 mm), ropelike (length ca. 20 mm) and elastic "Vinculum tendinis" connects--within the fetlock tendon sheath--the dorsal side of the deep digital flexor tendon with the dorsal part of the Manica flexoria (the communicating band of the Musculus interosseous medius to the superficial digital flexor tendon). The extensive fetlock tendon sheath can be involved in diseases such as aseptic and septic inflammations.

The correlation of canine patellar luxation and the anteversion angle as measured using magnetic resonance images.

Measurements from magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to examine the anteversion angle (AT-angle) and its influence on the lateromedial or mediolateral luxating forces on the patella. The AT-angle of the femoral neck was measured with the aid of MR imaging in 45 pelvic limbs without patellar instability, in 33 limbs with patellar luxation and in 6 limbs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. The limbs with medial patellar luxation were divided into three groups based on clinical examination.

The course of blood vessels in the hip joint capsule of the dog.

The course and the arrangement of capsular blood vessels in the joint capsule's wall, together with their extracapsular origins, were investigated using cleared specimens that had been injected with Latex, or Technovit, or India-ink in serum. Arteries enter areas of the joint capsule's wall near its femoral as well as coxal attachment. The intramural vascular network is arranged in layers which are assigned to the stratum fibrosum and stratum synoviale, with one or two intermediate, less distinct layers in between.

[Photo-CD--a new medium in veterinary anatomy].

A method of producing a Photo-CD is described, containing edited digitally stored colour slides. It is possible to present approximately 100 digitized pictures with such a CD which are shown on a colour TV screen sorted in individual or didactic programmed order. Using this method text- and visual information which is coordinated with the contents of lessons and examinations can be offered to the students.

[Typical presentation of the common tendon sheath of the M. flexor hallucis longus and the M. tibialis caudalis in the horse].

The possibilities for imaging soft tissue structures, especially fluid-filled cavities such as articulations, bursae or tendon sheaths, have been improved markedly by sonography in recent years. Ultrasonic examinations were performed on the common tendon sheath of the musculus flexor hallucis longus and the musculus tibialis caudalis, from the medioplantar aspect of the tarsus, in 12 sound adult draft- and warm blood horses, and in 5 animals with a distended common sheath. The diagnostic precision of the sonographic examination of the tendon sheath is excellent and is superior to conventional radiography.

[Thr arteries of the male sex organs of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and their development after hatching].

A total of 83 male Japanese quails of the following age groups were used for this study: 11, 18, 25, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 days, and 7, 9, 17 weeks after hatching. Neoprene-Latex, Tensol-Cement, and the china ink were injected via the aortic arch. In most of male Japanese quails, the testes are supplied by the A.

[Applied anatomy of the hip joint in dogs].

Some introductory anatomical characteristics of both articular ends (coxal end of the femoral bone and the acetabulum) in the canine hip joint are described. In standard radiographs (ventro-dorsal view) the area of the coxal end of the femur overlapped by the dorsal part of the acetabulum is measured. The post operative increase of this area in 6 hip joints treated by unilateral "Triple-Osteotomy" is reported and discussed.

[Operative demonstration of the anconeal process of the ulna in the dog (modification of the Chalman-Slocum approach)].

A modification of Chalman's and Slocum's surgical approach to the elbow joint is presented and compared to lateral exposures of the anconeal process. The caudolateral approach guarantees best visual control and minimal tissue damage at the same time.

[Proximal femoral fractures in cats and dogs].

Fractures of the femoral head, neck and greater trochanter including physeal separations are common in the growing dog and cat. These lesions are discussed and illustrated from the standpoints of the anatomy and pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and surgical therapy. The prognosis is favorable under the conditions of early anatomical reduction, gentle tissue handling to preserve the blood supply and stable internal fixation.

[Fracture of the 1st phalanx in the horse].

Of 28 fractures of the first phalanx 21 were treated with osteosynthesis; one was treated conservatively. 2 to 4 compression screws have been applied, while the distal part of the limb was immobilized by a light cast bandage for 8 days. The implants were removed 2 to 3 months post operationem.