Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds.

This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic ( , (4), 3479-3716).

Scholl-Type Cycloheptatriene Ring Closure of 1,4,9,12-Tetraarylfenestrindanes: Reactivity and Selectivity in the Construction of Fenestrane-Based Polyaromatic Saddles.

The Scholl-type cyclodehydrogenation, generating up to four cycloheptatriene rings around a fenestrindane core, leads to novel, saddle-shaped polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. In this article, we present the results of in-depth experimental and computational work on the oxidative cyclization of various 1,4,9,12-tetraarylfenestrindanes. In particular, the kinetic control of the four-step cyclization of the electronically activated tetrakis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) derivative is elucidated.

Enantiopure Aromatic Saddles Bearing the Fenestrindane Core.

The synthesis of enantiomerically pure, configurationally stable fenestrindane-based polyaromatic compounds with saddle-like structures is reported. Seven racemic fenestrane synthetic precursors were first screened by chiral HPLC for resolvability into enantiomers. Among the three resolvable precursors, a tribenzofenestrene derivative was resolved on a semipreparative scale, and the absolute configuration of the more slowly eluting enantiomer was established by X-ray crystallography.

From Fenestrindane towards Saddle-Shaped Nanographenes Bearing a Tetracoordinate Carbon Atom.

Two saddle-shaped polycyclic aromatic compounds (8 a and 8 b) bearing an all-cis-[5.5.5.

Quantitative and Functional Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals that Ethylene Regulates Water Transport via the C-Terminal Phosphorylation of Aquaporin PIP2;1 in Arabidopsis.

Ethylene participates in the regulation of numerous cellular events and biological processes, including water loss, during leaf and flower petal wilting. The diverse ethylene responses may be regulated via dynamic interplays between protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated protein degradation and protease cleavage. To address how ethylene alters protein phosphorylation through multi-furcated signaling pathways, we performed a (15)N stable isotope labelling-based, differential, and quantitative phosphoproteomics study on air- and ethylene-treated ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis double loss-of-function mutant ein3-1/eil1-1.

Cis-cinnamic acid-enhanced 1 gene plays a role in regulation of Arabidopsis bolting.

Cis-cinnamic acid (CA) is one of many cis-phenylpropanoids found in both monocots and dicots. It is produced in planta via sunlight-mediated isomerization of trans-cinnamic acid. This pair of isomers plays a differential role in regulation of plant growth.

Phosphoproteomic analysis of ethylene-regulated protein phosphorylation in etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis mutant ein2 using two-dimensional separations coupled with a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Ethylene regulates a variety of stress responses and developmental adaptation in plants. In the present study, the phosphoproteomics is adopted to investigate the differential protein phosphorylation by ethylene in Arabidopsis ethylene-insensitive 2 (ein2) mutant. A total of 224 phosphopeptides were identified, of which 64 phosphopeptides were detected three or more times.

Study of cis-cinnamic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Trans-cinnamic acid (CA) can be isomerized to cis-CA in Arabidopsis thaliana extract under sunlight. Piperonylic acid treatment of Arabidopsis under ultraviolet (UV) light increased the level of cis-CA in these treated tissues. Similarly, cis-CA was also detected from Oryza sativa seedlings grown under sunlight.

Application of 3' untranslated region (UTR) sequence-based amplified polymorphism analysis in the rapid authentication of Radix astragali.

Radix astragali (root of Astragalus membranaceus) is an important traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used as a tonic herb for thousands of years in China. The water extract of the roots has a wide range of immunopotentiating effects and has been proven to be efficacious as an adjunct cancer therapy.