Hydrogen-treated CoCrMo alloy: a novel approach to enhance biocompatibility and mitigate inflammation in orthopedic implants.

In recent decades, orthopedic implants have been widely used as materials to replace human bone tissue functions. Among these, metal implants play a crucial role. Metals with better chemical stability, such as stainless steel, titanium alloys, and cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy, are commonly used for long-term applications.

NIR-Responsive Methotrexate-Modified Iron Selenide Nanorods for Synergistic Magnetic Hyperthermic, Photothermal, and Chemodynamic Therapy.

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate among women. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapies to effectively treat this disease. In this study, iron selenide nanorods (FeSe NRs) were designed for use in magnetic hyperthermic, photothermal, and chemodynamic therapy (MHT/PTT/CDT) for breast cancer.

Inorganic nanoparticles for photothermal treatment of cancer.

In recent years, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing attention as potential theranostic agents in the field of oncology. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive technique that uses nanoparticles to produce heat from light to kill cancer cells. PTT requires two essential elements: a photothermal agent (PTA) and near-infrared (NIR) radiation.

Polyelectrolyte multilayer composite coating on 316 L stainless steel for controlled release of dual growth factors accelerating restoration of bone defects.

A composite coating of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) consisting of collagen, a chitosan barrier, and poly-γ-glutamic acid was fabricated using a spin coating technique to investigate and overcome the limited osseointegration capacity of 316 L stainless steel (316 L SS). To further enhance the biocompatibility, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) were loaded separately as dual growth factors, allowing for progressive drug release following the natural process of bone regeneration. The first burst release of FGF-2 triggered the proliferation of surrounding cells, and the subsequent release of BMP-2 stimulated their differentiation.

Study on proanthocyanidins crosslinked collagen membrane for guided bone tissue regeneration.

The goal of this study is to understand the ability of a newly developed barrier membrane to enhance bone tissue regeneration. Here in this study we present the in vitro characterization of the barrier membrane made from type I collagen and crosslinked by oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs). The effects of the membrane (P-C film) on cell cycle, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization were evaluated using the human osteoblast cell line MG-63, while the barrier ability was examined using MG-63 cells, as well as the human skin fibroblast cell line WS-1.

Hyperthermia-Induced Controlled Local Anesthesia Administration Using Gelatin-Coated Iron-Gold Alloy Nanoparticles.

The lack of optimal methods employing nanoparticles to administer local anesthesia often results in posing severe risks such as non-biocompatibility, in vivo cytotoxicity, and drug overdose to patients. Here, we employed magnetic field-induced hyperthermia to achieve localized anesthesia. We synthesized iron-gold alloy nanoparticles (FeAu Nps), conjugated an anesthetic drug, Lidocaine, and coated the product with gelatin to increase the biocompatibility, resulting in a FeAu@Gelatin-Lidocaine nano-complex formation.

Ultra-highly sensitive organophosphorus biosensor based on chitosan/tin disulfide and British housefly acetylcholinesterase.

Pesticides have been extensively applied worldwide to protect crops from worms and insects; however, the continuous use of pesticides affects ecosystems, agricultural product safety, nontarget organisms, and human health. In this paper, we report a highly sensitive biosensor for the determination of pesticides based on tin sulfide (SnS) and chitosan (CHIT) nanocomposites decorated with a unique British housefly acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The hydrothermally synthesized nano-SnS mixed with chitosan solution (CHIT-SnS) was drop-casted onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE).

Salivary Electrochemical Cortisol Biosensor Based on Tin Disulfide Nanoflakes.

Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. It is a well-known biomarker of psychological stress and is hence known as the "stress hormone." If cortisol overexpression is prolonged and repeated, dysfunction in the regulation of cortisol eventually occurs.

Preparation and in vivo investigation of oligomeric proanthocyanidins cross-linked collagen serving as synthesized tissue regeneration membrane.

In this study, type I collagen membranes were prepared using oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) as the cross-linking agent. The fabricated materials were evaluated to be applied as guided tissue regeneration membranes for periodontal defects. The mechanical strength of the cross-linked collagen membranes, namely OPCs-Col films, using different concentrations of OPCs ranged from 30 to 60 kPa.

Gamma-poly glutamate/gelatin composite hydrogels crosslinked by proanthocyanidins for wound healing.

A novel multifunctional poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA)/gelatin hydrogel has been developed and used as a wound dressing. An ideal wound dressing should effectively provide a moist environment, absorb wound exudates and protect the wound from foreign microbes. Water soluble γ-PGA salts of sodium and calcium forms were chosen for their good biocompatibility, biodegradability and water absorption capacity.

Iron-gold alloy nanoparticles serve as a cornerstone in hyperthermia-mediated controlled drug release for cancer therapy.

Introduction: The efficacy of a chemotherapy drug in cancer therapy is highly determined by the ability to control the rate and extent of its release in vivo. However, the lack of techniques to accurately control drug release drastically limits the potency of a chemotherapy drug.

Materials And Methods: Here, we present a novel strategy to precisely monitor drug release under magnetic stimulation.

Composite Polyelectrolyte Multilayer and Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticle Coating on 316L Stainless Steel for Controlled Antibiotic Release and Biocompatibility.

Bacterial infection in wounds or implants can cause osteomyelitis, eventually leading to orthopedic implant failure. In this study, polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coating comprising collagen as the cationic layer, chitosan as the barrier layer and -poly-glutamic acid as the anionic layer were fabricated onto a 316L stainless steel substrate by spin coating technique. Tetracycline-loaded 57S mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (57S MBG, SiO₂:CaO:P₂O = 57:33:10 by wt%) were introduced into the -poly-glutamic acid layers.

FTIR characterization and release of bovine serum albumin from bioactive glasses.

Background: Bioactive glass has attracted substantial interest in orthopedics, but it has been less explored as a drug carrier. This study investigated the bovine serum albumin (BSA) release from bioactive 13-93B0 and 13-93B3 glasses.

Methods: Glass disks (13-93B0 and 13-93B3; n = 5) were loaded with 4 mg of BSA and coated under different chitosan-coating conditions.

Angiogenesis Assays for the Evaluation of Angiogenic Properties of Orthopaedic Biomaterials - A General Review.

Vascularization is an essential process in bone formation, remodeling and regeneration during both bone development and fracture repair. Vascularization remains a big challenge directly leading to the final success of newly regenerated bone. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of different angiogenesis assays and bone defect models are described in details for investigating revascularization of materials of interest.

Fabrication of Poly-l-lactic Acid/Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Composite Scaffolds with High Mechanical Strength-Implications for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Scaffolds were fabricated from poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)/dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) composite by indirect casting. Sodium citrate and PLLA were used to improve the mechanical properties of the DCPD scaffolds. The resulting PLLA/DCPD composite scaffold had increased diametral tensile strength and fracture energy when compared to DCPD only scaffolds (1.

Phytomolecule icaritin incorporated PLGA/TCP scaffold for steroid-associated osteonecrosis: Proof-of-concept for prevention of hip joint collapse in bipedal emus and mechanistic study in quadrupedal rabbits.

Steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) may lead to joint collapse and subsequent joint replacement. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid/tricalcium phosphate (P/T) scaffold providing sustained release of icaritin (a metabolite of Epimedium-derived flavonoids) was investigated as a bone defect filler after surgical core-decompression (CD) to prevent femoral head collapse in a bipedal SAON animal model using emu (a large flightless bird). The underlying mechanism on SAON was evaluated using a well-established quadrupedal rabbit model.

The effect of diluted triple and double antibiotic pastes on dental pulp stem cells and established Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of various dilutions of antibiotic medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on the survival of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and to determine their antibacterial effect against established Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

Materials And Methods: The cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of different triple (TAP) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) dilutions (0.125, 0.

The effects of 3D bioactive glass scaffolds and BMP-2 on bone formation in rat femoral critical size defects and adjacent bones.

Reconstruction of critical size defects in the load-bearing area has long been a challenge in orthopaedics. In the past, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using a biodegradable load-sharing scaffold fabricated from poly(propylene fumarate)/tricalcium phosphate (PPF/TCP) loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to successfully induce healing in those defects. However, there is limited osteoconduction observed with the PPF/TCP scaffold itself.

Development of a cell-derived matrix: effects of epidermal growth factor in chemically defined culture.

Extracellular matrices without animal components and with high mechanical strength are needed for the development of the next generation of viable skin replacements. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to maximize the strength and collagen content of cell-derived matrix (CDM) produced by fibroblasts in vitro in serum-free media. Scaffold-free CDM samples were produced by human dermal fibroblasts in the presence of 0-50 ng/mL EGF in chemically defined media.