Enhancing antioxidant properties of lime juice powder through polyelectrolyte microparticles of chitosan-alginate: Formulation, characterization and stability study.

Lime ( ) juice was reported to contain ascorbic acid (AA) and flavonoids, which has bioactivity as antioxidants. To develop an antioxidant product, improving its stability is necessary due to the perishable characteristics of compounds in lime. Therefore, the formulation of polyelectrolyte microparticles using chitosan and alginate was conducted to overcome the weaknesses.

What SARS-CoV-2 Variants Have Taught Us: Evolutionary Challenges of RNA Viruses.

Since its discovery in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 still makes the headline news [...

: A promising plant for isolating anti-hepatitis C virus agents.

Medicinal plants are potential resources for isolating drug candidates. Various plants have been reported to possess pharmacological effects including anti-hepatitis C activities. The current study examined the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activities of extracts in solvents with various polarities and further evaluated the mechanism of action of the extracts using Western blotting and combination treatment models.

Trade margins of rubber exporters: The case of Indonesia.

This study used a two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM) and spatial aspects to analyze Indonesia's trade margins of a rubber product to export destination countries over the period 2009-2018. The study unraveled the role of non-tariff measures such as sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS), technical barriers to trade (TBT), and gravity factors in determining rubber trade margins. Our empirical strategies revealed that sanitary and phytosanitary policies negatively affect trade margins, while the technical barrier to trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) asserts a positive impact on trade margins.

Alpha-mangostin, piperine and beta-sitosterol as hepatitis C antivirus (HCV): In silico and in vitro studies.

Hepatitis C is still a serious liver case of health. Up to now the development of anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) drugs is challenging, especially the development of natural material compounds as anti-HCV. In the present study, we evaluated the probability of α-mangostin, piperine, and β-sitosterol as anti-HCV with the in silico and in vitro approaches.

screening of potential compounds from begonia genus as 3CL protease (3Cl pro) SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.

Background: The emergence of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic and made a medical emergency worldwide. Various attempts have been made, including optimizing effective treatments against the disease or developing a vaccine. Since the SARS-CoV-2 protease crystal structure has been discovered, searching for its inhibitors by technique becomes possible.

Promising alkaloids and flavonoids compounds as anti-hepatitis c virus agents: a review.

Background: Virus infections are presently seen as a major public health problem. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is recognized as a "silent killer" because the acute infection has no symptoms, and it develops as a chronic infection that causes hepatocellular carcinoma and liver damage. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that between 130-170 million people are estimated to have chronic Hepatitis C.

Microscopic and physicochemical evaluation of Ruta angustifolia leaves.

Background: There are thousands of species of known medicinal plants in the world. L. has been widely used in traditional medication for jaundice and liver disease.

Antimalarial Activity of Extract and Fractions of (L.) Merr.

(L.) Merr., in the Indonesian local name known as "Katuk," is a tropical shrub plant of the family Euphorbiaceae.

Improving the Genetics of Tuber Yield and Resistance to Mite to Avoid Mite Incident and to Increase the Productivity of Cassava ( Crantz).

Mite ( that attacks the cassava plants during dry season can reduce the yield up to 53%, depending on plant age and duration of attacks. The objective of the trial was to evaluate the cassava promising clones for tuber root yield and mite resistance. The field trial was done in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, in 2018 with fifteen clones using a randomized complete block design, with three replications.

Implementation of genetic screening test to reduce the incidence of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome among patients with leprosy in Papua, Indonesia: a study protocol.

Introduction: The mainstay of leprosy treatment is multidrug treatment (MDT), which contains rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine. The occurrence of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS), a sudden, potentially fatal and traumatic adverse reaction due to dapsone, may affect treatment adherence and may result in fatality if untreated. Before MDT administration, screening for in patients with leprosy can potentially reduce DHS risk.

CXCL10 is a novel anti-angiogenic factor downstream of p53 in cardiomyocytes.

Tumor suppressor protein p53 plays crucial roles in the onset of heart failure. p53 activation results in cardiac dysfunction, at least partially by suppressing angiogenesis. Though p53 has been reported to reduce VEGF production by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor, the anti-angiogenic property of p53 remains to be fully elucidated in cardiomyocytes.

Toxicological Evaluation and Protective Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of DC on Liver and Kidney Function of -Infected Mice.

Currently, the presence of antimalarial drug resistance has become a major obstacle in the treatment of malaria. To overcome the problem, a series of studies are needed to find new antimalarial drugs from plants. Previously, 90% ethanolic extract of DC (EECS) leaves have been reported to have antimalarial activity against and against ANKA.

The whole-genome sequencing in predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility and resistance in Papua, Indonesia.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its treatment still becomes a burden for many countries including Indonesia. Drug resistance is one of the problems in TB treatment.

An in vitro study of an Artocarpus heterophyllus substance as a hepatitis C antiviral and its combination with current anti-HCV drugs.

Background: Current therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has dramatically improved the sustained virologic response (SVR) of affected patients; however, treatment with DAAs remains expensive, and drug-resistant HCV variants remain a threat. As a result, there is still a need to continue to develop affordable and effective drugs for the treatment of HCV. Previously, we have demonstrated that a crude extract from Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves is a potential anti-HCV candidate.

Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, the isolated compounds of inhibit protein receptor of corona virus (COVID-19) through approach.

Objectives: has been known as an immunomodulator and also reported to possess an antiviral activity against several RNA viruses, such as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus by inhibiting viral entry and replication. Since the current situation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which infected among the world and caused severe disease and high morbidity, it urgently needed to find new agents against COVID-19. Therefore, screening against COVID-19 receptors is carried out as an initial stage of drug discovery by evaluating the activity of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, an isolated from , in inhibiting spike glycoprotein (6LZG) and main protease (5R7Y) which play as target receptors of COVID-19.

Maresin-1 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through IGF-1 paracrine pathway.

The resolution of inflammation is closely linked with tissue repair. Recent studies have revealed that macrophages suppress inflammatory reactions by producing lipid mediators, called specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs); however, the biological significance of SPMs in tissue repair remains to be fully elucidated in the heart. In this study, we focused on maresin-1 (MaR1) and examined the reparative effects of MaR1 in cardiomyocytes.

Increasing Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 serum level after Miana treatment in BALB/c induced experimental research.

Background: Miana ( [L] Benth) inhibits growth of bacterial pathogen inside macrophage.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the protein level of Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1), after administration of Miana extracts in BALB/c mice induced .

Methods: This is an experimental study using animal model with post test-only controlled group design.

Antiplasmodial activity of Ethanolic extract of Cassia spectabilis DC leaf and its inhibition effect in Heme detoxification.

Background: In previous studies, Cassia spectabilis DC leaf has shown a good antiplasmodial activity. Therefore, this study is a follow-up study of the extract of leaf of C. spectabilis DC on its in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and mechanism as an antimalarial.

Alkaloid and benzopyran compounds of Melicope latifolia fruit exhibit anti-hepatitis C virus activities.

Background: New agents for developing alternative or complementary medicine to treat the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still needed due to high rates of HCV infection globally and the current limitations of available treatments. Treatment of HCV with a combination of direct acting antivirals have been shown to be approximately 90% effective but will be limited in the future due to the emergence of drug resistance and high cost. The leaves of Melicope latifolia have previously been reported to have anti-HCV activity and are a potential source of bioactive compounds for future novel drug development.

Ecchymosis in critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient in Tangerang, Indonesia: a case report.

We have read with great interest the articles regarding cutaneous manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Studies showed 20.4% of COVID-19 patients developed cutaneous manifestations.

Happy hypoxia in critical COVID-19 patient: A case report in Tangerang, Indonesia.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern with increasing cases globally, including in Indonesia. COVID-19 clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic, acute respiratory illness, respiratory failure that necessitate mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive care unit (ICU), to multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Some patients might present with happy hypoxia, a condition where patients have low oxygen saturations (S  < 90%), but are not in significant respiratory distress and often appear clinically well, which is confusing for the doctors and treatment strategies.

Antiviral Activity of Cananga odorata Against Hepatitis B Virus.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapeutic drugs for chronic hepatitis B using pegylated interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogs have limited efficacy. Therefore, the development of novel and safe antivirals is required.

Synergistic anti-hepatitis C virus activity of Ruta angustifolia extract with NS3 protein inhibitor.

Background Medicinal plants are known to perform many pharmacological actions due to their chemical metabolites, which include antiviral effects. Previously, the extract of Ruta angustifolia was shown to have potential anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity without any cytotoxicity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 3.0 μg/mL and a 50% cytotoxicity concentration of >100 μg/mL.